<p>Cook Terrace is a heritage-listed terrace house at 249 Coronation Drive, Milton, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1888 to. It is also known as Gloralgar Flats and Milton Terrace. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This building was constructed as a two-storeyed brick row of six houses in 1888-9 by Brisbane builder Joseph Blain Cook.</p><br>
<p>In September 1888 Cook had acquired from squatter John Frederick McDougall the title to subdivisions 1 to 6 of the Milton House estate, a section of prime real estate along the Milton Reach of the Brisbane River.</p><br>
<p>He raised a mortgage of £6000 on the property to finance construction of the terrace. The first house was erected in late 1888, and the remainder of the row was completed in 1889. The architect is unknown.</p><br>
<p>The terrace was built as a rental property, the Queensland Undue Subdivision of Land Prevention Act of 1885 prohibiting the granting of titles to individual terrace houses. The enterprise reflected the economic optimism of the late 1880s, but within two years of construction Cook was declared insolvent and the terrace passed to his mortgagees.</p><br>
<p>By 1895 the row was known as Milton Terrace, and with its river views and breezes and proximity to the centre of town, it remained one of Brisbane&#39;s more prestigious rental addresses until well into the twentieth century, attracting mainly professional and white-collar tenants.</p><br>
<p>The house adjacent to Park Road was occupied by the Rourke family from about 1895 to 1905. They owned the terrace at that period and it is likely they were responsible for adding a southwestern verandah and dome room.</p><br>
<p>By 1920 each house had been subdivided into at least two flats, and builder Simon Smith, who acquired the property in 1923, may have been responsible for removing the front parapet and installing dormer windows.</p><br>
<p>By 1928 a tennis court had been established in the southwestern yard. This is no longer extant.</p><br>
<p>In the thirties the name Milton Terrace was lost, and by the end of the decade the houses were known collectively as Gloralgar Flats.</p><br>
<p>During the Second World War the flats are believed to have been rented by army authorities for officer accommodation.</p><br>
<p>In the postwar period the verandahs were enclosed and the six houses were converted into twenty-seven flats, which were considered something of a bohemian retreat. Despite its decline, the building remained a visual landmark along Coronation Drive, and in 1984 it was refurbished and recycled as offices and a restaurant.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Cook Terrace consists of six two-storeyed rendered brick houses, each with an attic and sub-floor.</p><br>
<p>The attics are contained within a corrugated iron mansard roof, which is divided by continuations of the party walls, which also separate the front and back verandahs.</p><br>
<p>Each attic is lit by a single dormer at the rear and a pair at the front. The latter appear to have been added at a later date, and a high front parapet of repeating circles, which partly obscured the roof, probably was removed at the same time.</p><br>
<p>Each house also has two double chimneys rising above the western dividing walls.</p><br>
<p>The front elevation is unified by supporting timber posts and capitals with cast-iron valances, brackets and balustrading, much of which has been replaced but not to the original pattern, along ground and first floors. The first floor verandahs are roofed with convex iron and overhang slightly those of the ground floor, and were glazed in 1984. A rendered front wall and stepped approaches separate the terrace from the street pavement.</p><br>
<p>Each house is constructed to an identical floor plan. On the ground floor an entrance to the side leads to the hallway from which two rooms open - originally drawing and dining rooms. These are divided by folding cedar doors, with a bay window which overlooks the river from the front room. At the far end of the hallway a cedar staircase leads to the first floor and attic.</p><br>
<p>On the first floor a broad arch separates the two main rooms, which were intended probably as bedroom and sitting room. Two sets of French doors open onto the front verandah from the main room and a smaller adjacent room, which likely was the dressing room, to its right. The rear room is lit by a triple window.</p><br>
<p>The attic also is divided into a front and back room, but the partitioning is plasterboard and no evidence of any original division is visible.</p><br>
<p>Interior finishes to each house include cedar joinery, plastered walls, marble fireplace surrounds in the ground floor rooms and tessellated entrance tiles.</p><br>
<p>Air-conditioning, sound-proofing, electronic security systems and signage, were introduced during the 1980s renovation.</p><br>
<p>Each house has a detached timber two-storeyed service wing, accessed from the rear verandah. Externally they remain substantially intact, but have been gutted. Glazed terracotta paving tiles, bearing the name "J Petrie" (most likely a reference to John Petrie) on the reverse, line the courtyards between the kitchen houses.</p><br>
<p>Around the turn of the century the western house was remodelled to include: a verandah extension with decorative timber elements of the Federation period along the side wall; a "dome room" rear addition which features a high coffered ceiling with arched timber ribs, four inch (10 cm) tongue and groove lining boards, chair rail, and fireplace with its original picture tiles; and pressed metal ceilings and ornamental pillars with capitals in the archway of the two ground floor rooms.</p><br>
<p>Cook Terrace is situated on one of the busiest arterial roads linking the western suburbs with the centre of the city. However, the river view remains undisturbed, and the mature fig tree in the grounds at the corner of Park Road and Coronation Drive contributes to the nineteenth century ambience.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Cook Terrace was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Completed in 1889, Cook Terrace provides evidence of the 1880s boom era confidence in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Cook Terrace is substantially intact, including attached timber service wings which are rare, and survives as one of few nineteenth century terraces in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The continuation of the masonry party walls above the roof line, is an uncommon type of construction in attached row housing in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Cook Terrace is substantially intact, including attached timber service wings which are rare, and survives as one of few nineteenth century terraces in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Cook Terrace is prominently located fronting Coronation Drive, and contributes to the Coronation Drive riverscape and streetscape.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>Cook Terrace is a local landmark and has a strong association for the people of Brisbane with Milton history, both 19th century and more recent 20th century, particularly when Cook Terrace was converted to flats and attracted a student clientel in the 1960s and 1970s.</p><br>
<p>Milton House is a heritage-listed villa at 50 McDougall Street, Milton, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Milton House was erected in 1852 or 1853 for retired Queen Street chemist Ambrose Eldridge. It was the first substantial house in the area and soon a local landmark, being prominent in early views of Brisbane. It was the base for Eldridges experimental farming when the Moreton Bay region was struggling to establish itself, and later for John Frederick McDougalls considerable pastoral holdings in the area.</p><br>
<p>Ambrose Eldridge was a Sydney chemist who arrived in Moreton Bay in late July 1847 to work in John Taggart&#39;s Medical Hall, a chemist shop in Queen Street. Taggart sold the business to Eldridge, who took over from 1 October 1849, and developed the business as a chemist, druggist, oilman, and grocer.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1840s and 1850s, Eldridge adopted an active and enthusiastic role in the development of Brisbane and Queensland. He was prominent in the Separation movement and served on a wide variety of local committees (for most of which he was a founding member), including those of the Hospital, the proposed Brisbane Market (1851), the Moreton Bay Steam Navigation Company, the Moreton Bay Horticultural Society, the Brisbane Exchange, the Northern Districts Agricultural and Pastoral Association, the Moreton Bay Immigration and Land Company (first chairman of directors in 1855-56), and the Moreton Bay Building Society, which was dissolved in 1854 to re-emerge as the Moreton Bay Permanent Investment and Building Society in 1855. He was active in promoting local issues such as a bridge over Breakfast Creek, a committee to communicate between the electors of Moreton Bay and their representative in the New South Wales Legislative Council in Sydney, a survey of the Brisbane River entrance and bar, direct emigration to Moreton Bay, government funding to churches, and regularly subscribed to rewards for the discovery of gold in the Moreton and Darling Downs districts. He was a prominent member of St John&#39;s Anglican Church, and an active participant in the Brisbane School of Arts and Sciences and the Moreton Bay Musical Society. During the early 1850s his business flourished and he acquired a number of Brisbane town and suburban allotments.</p><br>
<p>Eldridge was a well-respected townsman with a clear commitment to the development of Brisbane at political, civic, economic and social levels, but he was also something of a visionary. Like the indomitable Dr John Dunmore Lang, who envisioned a Moreton Bay populated by yeomen farmers, Eldridge was determined to prove that agriculture in the Northern Districts of New South Wales was economically viable.</p><br>
<p>In the second half of 1851, Eldridge, who had little knowledge of farming, purchased Western Suburban Allotments 4 to 11, totalling over 30 acres, along the northern bank of the Brisbane River, just beyond the town boundary. Here, at what he named Milton Farm, Eldridge experimented with cotton growing, hoping to prove that agriculture at Moreton Bay could be sustained and profitable. Whilst not the only Moreton Bay resident to experiment with cotton-growing at the time, he was initially one of the most successful.</p><br>
<p>Cotton was a logical crop with which to experiment - it was one of the principal import of Great Britain, and an important basis of her manufacturing industry, and if grown successfully at Moreton Bay, would ensure the prosperity of the Northern Districts of New South Wales, and enhance local aspirations for Separation. By September 1852, five acres of the Milton land had been cleared, and were planted the following month with seeds of the finest Sea Island Cotton. At the close of 1852, Eldridge retired from business, selling the Medical Hall and devoting his time to the Milton experiment. It is likely that Milton House was erected about this time. By June 1853 the first crop of Milton cotton was being picked, yielding at least 20 bales. Eldridge reported in the local press that, not including the cost of land and land clearing, he had expended £38 in the experiment, and had made a profit of £14. That December he was awarded first prize of £30 by the New South Wales Government, for samples of the cotton sent to Sydney in a government-sponsored competition. Two years later he sent samples of the Milton cotton to the Paris Exhibition of 1855, where it was highly acclaimed.</p><br>
<p>In 1853, Eldridge expanded his efforts to promote profitable local farming, taking up on long lease approximately 400 acres at Eagle Farm. By late 1854 this land had been cleared, and in March 1855, Eldridge announced his intention of removing to Eagle Farm, and selling the Milton Estate. The Eldridges resided at Milton through the remainder of 1855, but the property, including a mansion house was sold and transferred to pastoralist John Frederick McDougall in January 1856, for £2,300.</p><br>
<p>For Eldridge, the move spelt disaster. The experiments at Eagle Farm appear to have failed, and by 1859 he had returned to the chemist business, opening a shop at Ipswich. He died in 1860, leaving his family penniless.</p><br>
<p>John Frederick McDougall, a member of the first Queensland Legislative Council, farmed the Milton Estate, adding large western suburbs leaseholds to his holding, and enlarging the house considerably. From 1864 the McDougalls resided at Rosalie Station and let Milton. Tenants included Arthur Manning, the Colonial Under-Secretary, Henry Walsh, MLC and speaker of the Legislative Assembly, and James Crombie. The house gave its name to the local suburb, while neighbouring Rosalie took its name from McDougall&#39;s Darling Downs property, bearing testament to the one time extent of his holdings in the western suburbs.</p><br>
<p>Milton Farm was sold to the Queensland Investment and Land Mortgage Co. Ltd in 1885 and subdivided for residential development, at which time the newly created streets of McDougall, Manning, Walsh and Crombie were named after previous owners or occupiers of Milton House. The Commissioner of Police, David Thompson Seymour, bought an area of nearly two acres, including the house, in 1887, but sold it the next year to Dr Hugh Bell, a noted physician and consultant at the Brisbane General Hospital for forty years. In 1904 the property was purchased by grain merchant William Siemon and his family, who renovated the premises in 1922. In 1955 the Siemon family gave the property to the Presbyterian Church, which used Milton House as a hostel for women college students until 1983. The building subsequently became part of the Kings Row Corporate Park development, at which time it was refurbished to resemble its outward appearance of the 1860s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The hip-roofed house is Colonial Georgian in style and plan, having a typical front doorway with segmented sidelights and an arched fanlight, and a symmetrical arrangement of rooms about a central hallway on each floor. The ground floor has wide, open verandahs on three sides. Two service rooms run across the rear of the core, incorporating pavilion wings of the side verandahs.</p><br>
<p>The walls are of brick, which is lime rendered and jointed to give the impression of stone. A three-roomed cellar is constructed of rough rubble walling, and entered by steps on the south side of the verandah. The roof shingles have been replaced with corrugated iron.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the narrow cedar staircase has shaped handrails and stick-balusters (replacements), the vestibule features an ornate plaster ceiling, and the dining room has an early 20th century pressed metal ceiling. The first floor, with narrow stick-balustraded verandahs on three sides, originally accommodated bedrooms. These verandahs are accessed by French doors, though the louvred shutters have not been reinstated. Fireplaces remain in the ground floor rooms but have been enclosed upstairs. They lead to dominant chimney-stacks which are set diagonally to the ridge of the wide hipped roof.</p><br>
<p>Milton House was originally built as a homestead, high on the riverbank overlooking the surrounding property. Photographs taken in the 1860s show a line of palms between two Norfolk Island pines and a pathway edged with shrubbery leading down towards the river. All of these plantings seem to have disappeared by the 1950s. The present garden and lawns to the front and sides of the house were planted at the time of the building&#39;s refurbishment but include mature poinciana and jacaranda trees. The rear of the house opens onto a newly built tennis court, swimming pool and outdoor entertaining area. The river facade can be glimpsed from Coronation Drive, framed by modern office blocks.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Milton House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Milton House is important in demonstrating the evolution of Queensland&#39;s history, being associated with important early agricultural experimentation in pre-separation Queensland, associated with the pastoral development of the western suburbs prior to closer settlement in the 1860s and as one of the oldest surviving houses in Brisbane and the first substantial house in the western suburbs.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Milton House demonstrates rare aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage, being one of the few surviving pre-Separation houses in Brisbane, numbered with Newstead House, Bulimba House and Shafston House and as a rare example of 1850s Colonial Georgian architecture in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Milton House survives sufficiently in form, feature and material, to be important in demonstrating the principal features of Colonial Georgian architecture adapted to local climatic conditions, notably through the inclusion of verandahs and French doors on three sides.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>Milton House has a special association with the local community with the house giving its name to the local suburb, with the neighbouring suburb of Rosalie perpetuating the association with the second owner of Milton House, JF McDougall and as an early local landmark, still visible from the arterial river road to the western suburbs.</p><br>
<p>Old Bishopsbourne is a heritage-listed house at 233 Milton Road, Milton, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Benjamin Backhouse and built from 1865 to 1959. It is also known as St Francis Theological College and Bishopsbourne. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This two-storeyed stone residence was constructed in 1865-68 for Edward Tufnell, the first Anglican Bishop of Brisbane (1860–74), as his See house. It remained the home of the Anglican primates of Brisbane until 1964.</p><br>
<p>In 1862 Tufnell, on behalf of the Anglican Church, received from Emmeline Leslie a gift of 16 acres (6.5 hectares) of eucalypt woodland along the Milton Road. The site was earmarked for a See house.</p><br>
<p>During a short sojourn in England, Tufnell raised £4,400 for the Brisbane Diocese. Despite popular opposition to the expense, £3,000 of this was spent constructing Bishopsbourne.</p><br>
<p>The architect was Benjamin Backhouse, who had practised in Geelong, Ballarat and London, before arriving in Brisbane in 1861. Backhouse left Brisbane for Sydney in 1868, but in the short time he was resident in Queensland, his work was prolific, ranging from houses to churches to school to hotels to commercial and warehouse premises. Among these works were a number of substantial Brisbane residences – such as:</p><br>
<p>Cintra House at Bowen Hills in 1863-64</p><br>
<p>Fernberg at Bardon</p><br>
<p>Baroona at Rosalie in 1866</p><br>
<p>and several ecclesiastic buildings, including:</p><br>
<p>the first All Saints Anglican Church on Wickham Terrace, erected in 1861-62</p><br>
<p>St Stephen&#39;s School and convent in 1862</p><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s Convent at Ipswich in 1863-63</p><br>
<p>the second St Stephen&#39;s Cathedral, commenced in 1863-64</p><br>
<p>the first St Mary&#39;s Catholic Church at Warwick, erected 1863-65</p><br>
<p>In the mid-1860s he designed National Schools at Toowoomba, Warwick, Condamine, Laidley, Goondiwindi, Nanango, Bald Hills, Bowen, Maryborough and Fortitude Valley for the Queensland Board of Education. He also designed the first Brisbane Grammar School in Roma Street, constructed 1868-69.</p><br>
<p>During construction of the residence, much of the indigenous woodland was cleared. Remnants of survive, but most of the eucalypts are secondary growth. Garden beds for flowers, vegetables and fruit were established in the 1870s. Hoop and Bunya pines, staghorns and elkhorns were introduced at this period as well. Pencil pines were planted after 1912.</p><br>
<p>In the 1870s, porphyry and sandstone gateposts were erected on Milton Road, defining the entrance to the carriage approach to the See house. A timber chapel designed by diocesan architect Richard George Suter was constructed in the grounds, but was replaced in 1912 by the current stone building (Old Bishopsbourne Chapel).</p><br>
<p>In 1886 Brisbane architects Banks and Carandini designed a two-storeyed brick and stone kitchen/service wing to replace an earlier wooden structure.</p><br>
<p>During the 1930s a number of significant changes were made to the grounds of Bishopsbourne. Land fronting Milton and Baroona Roads and Heussler Terrace was subdivided and sold, reducing the area to 12 acres. Stone terraces along the eastern and western slopes were constructed, using relief labour. These were planted with shrubs, annuals and a bougainvillea hedge, but have been largely grassed over since.</p><br>
<p>In 1936 St Francis Theological College was transferred from Nundah to the grounds of Bishopsbourne, where a wooden dormitory and classroom building was constructed. Two brick and concrete structures were erected for the College in 1959, one being the vice-principals residence and the other an award-winning library.</p><br>
<p>Some restoration work at Bishopsbourne was undertaken in 1962, particularly of the cedar joinery. However, in 1964 Archbishop Philip Strong moved to Eldernell (formerly Farsley) at 39 Eldernell Terrace, Hamilton, which became the new Bishopsbourne, and the former See house at Milton became part of St Francis Theological College. The 1860s core was refurbished as the principals residence, and the 1880s service wing was converted into quarters for the vice-principal.</p><br>
<p>During the 1980s, pressure for increased student accommodation resulted in the construction of a number of two-storeyed, brick, semi-detached townhouses in the grounds of St Francis&#39; Theological College. A new timber administration building and a set of timber townhouses were constructed in the early 1990s.</p><br>
<p>In April 2007, Archbishop Phillip Aspinall sold the Hamilton Bishopsbourne&#39; for $11.2 million and moved to a residence in Ascot costing $2.6 million, which has also been renamed Bishopsbourne.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Old Bishopsbourne is a large, two-storeyed residence constructed of local porphyry and sandstone. The style is a blend of derived and vernacular elements.</p><br>
<p>On both floors, French casement windows with fanlights open from the main rooms onto wide verandahs, which are enclosed externally by Gothic stone arches, creating a cloistered atmosphere. The second storey verandah balustrade is constructed of cast iron fashioned in an inverted arch pattern.</p><br>
<p>The hipped roof is slated with four tall chimney-stacks. Small louvred gablets ventilate the roof.</p><br>
<p>Internally the sandstock brickwork is cement rendered and lime plastered, with little ornamentation. All the internal joinery, including 10 feet (3 metres) high folding doors which retract into the walls, is of Queensland red cedar.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor comprises a small vestibule separated by a cedar and etched glass screen from a broad hallway running the length of the house; three rooms to the right used for drawing room and study functions; three rooms to the left which open to one large dining area; an enclosed section of the front verandah which now contains a bathroom; and a modern kitchen at the rear.</p><br>
<p>The upstairs has been converted into the principal&#39;s quarters, containing six bedrooms, two bathrooms, a lounge and a kitchen.</p><br>
<p>A two-storeyed brick and stone annexe with a corrugated iron roof, formerly the service wing, is attached at the rear. The iron balustrade pattern of the main building is repeated around the annexe verandahs, the lower level of which incorporates a deep timber valance.</p><br>
<p>Underneath both the main building and the annexe are large cellars, intended originally as larders and storage space.</p><br>
<p>While an ongoing building programme has resulted in substantial changes to the site, sufficient grounds and mature trees remain to sustain the garden setting ambience, and the residence itself remains largely intact. The 1870s gateposts survive, but only fragments of the early garden beds. The 1930s stone terracing survives.</p><br>
<p>Other significant buildings within the grounds include:</p><br>
<p>Old Bishopsbourne Chapel (1912), a Gothic style, gable-roofed stone building</p><br>
<p>the 1936 St Francis&#39; Theological College Building, a gable-roofed and verandahed, interwar hostel-type timber building</p><br>
<p>St Francis&#39; Theological College Library Building (1959), a postwar International style brick, concrete and glass structure with ecclesiastical undertones.</p><br>
<p>The endeavours by successive architects to incorporate gable and arch motifs within their contemporary designs has created a sense of harmony within the grounds.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Old Bishopsbourne was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Old Bishopsbourne (St Francis Theological College) and its substantial grounds, which include early garden fragments, early gateposts, a 1912 Robin Dods designed stone chapel, 1930s terracing and a number of buildings associated with St Francis Theological College (from 1936), is significant historically as one of the oldest ecclesiastical precincts in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Old Bishopsbourne, a purpose-designed See house constructed 1865-68, is significant historically for its strong association with the mid-19th century consolidation of the Anglican Church in Queensland, and with the Anglican Bishops and Archbishops of Brisbane for nearly a century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Old Bishopsbourne is an accomplished and aesthetically appealing building with a simplicity of design and austerity of decoration which reflect its function and purpose as an ecclesiastical residence. It is important as a major work by prominent architect Benjamin Backhouse, and one of the more intact of his surviving Brisbane works.</p><br>
<p>The 1936 theological college accommodation and lecture room building is a good example of interwar hostel-type accommodation, and the award-winning 1959 college library building is a fine example of International style in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Old Bishopsbourne is a Milton landmark, still visible in the western vista from Petrie Terrace.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>The 1936 theological college accommodation and lecture room building is a good example of interwar hostel-type accommodation, and the award-winning 1959 college library building is a fine example of International style in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The place has had a strong association with the work of the Anglican Church in Queensland for over 130 years, and each of the buildings in the grounds illustrates further consolidation of the Anglican church in this state.</p><br>
<p>Old Bishopsbourne Chapel is a heritage-listed Anglican chapel at 233 Milton Road, Milton, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Robin Dods and built in 1912 by Hall & Myers. It is also known as St Francis&#39; Theological College. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The stone chapel at Old Bishopsbourne (St Francis&#39; Theological College) was erected in 1912, replacing an earlier timber building of exposed studs designed by diocesan architect Richard George Suter and constructed about 1870.</p><br>
<p>Archbishop Donaldson, arriving at Bishopsbourne in December 1904, recognised the need to replace the original chapel, which had fallen into disrepair.</p><br>
<p>In 1912 Donaldson commissioned diocesan architects Hall and Dods to design a chapel which would harmonise with the house and grounds. Robin Smith Dods produced the design, and the chapel was constructed under his supervision by builders Hall and Meyers. It was dedicated in 1912.</p><br>
<p>Dods practised in Brisbane from 1896 to 1916. With this chapel he displayed a mastery of materials and form, proving that simplicity of construction and design can be as powerful as more elaborate structures.</p><br>
<p>Since 1936 the chapel has been carefully maintained by generations of St Francis&#39; Theological College students. A loft and restored pipe organ, which were donated from a neighbouring church, were installed at the western end of the chapel in 1971.</p><br>
<p>While Anglican schools in Queensland generally have a chapel, few would be as old as St Francis&#39;, and even less would be of local stone.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The chapel is constructed of Brisbane tuff, to a simple rectangular plan 70 feet (21 metres) by 20 feet (6 metres). The ambience created is that of a medieval shrine blending with Queensland vernacular and derived stylistic elements of the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Eighteen inch (45 centimetre) thick walls with buttresses support a steeply pitched, slate-clad roof. The roof structure of six timber trusses is exposed.</p><br>
<p>The chapel is lit by long, narrow, Gothic windows in the bays between the buttresses. These windows are unusual in that the lower sections of the openings are unglazed, and are fitted with tongue and groove timber shutters to assist with ventilation and light.</p><br>
<p>A side porch projects over the entrance, which leads to a small vestry. This is divided from the entrance and interior generally by a timber screen.</p><br>
<p>The floor is 6 inches above ground level and is covered with red concrete. At the east end the floor originally rose to the sanctuary in the traditional five steps, but the top step has been removed to allow the altar to be detached from the rear wall and to stand free.</p><br>
<p>The chapel is simply furnished and displays a minimum of adornment. The sanctuary is panelled in silky oak, and decoration of the timber altar is limited to gilded motifs of Australian flora.</p><br>
<p>The loft at the western end has been installed sympathetically.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Old Bishopsbourne Chapel was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Historically it is significant for its close association with the Anglican Archbishops of Brisbane for over 50 years, and with the theological college since 1936.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>It is important for its rarity of function, fabric and setting in Brisbane, and remains an integral element in the historic Old Bishopsbourne (St Francis Theological College) ecclesiastical grouping.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Old Bishopsbourne Chapel, erected in 1912, is significant as a building of outstanding architectural quality, and as a fine example of the ecclesiastical work of Robin S Dods.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Old Bishopsbourne Chapel, erected in 1912, is significant as a building of outstanding architectural quality, and as a fine example of the ecclesiastical work of Robin S Dods.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>Old Bishopsbourne Chapel, erected in 1912, is significant as a building of outstanding architectural quality, and as a fine example of the ecclesiastical work of Robin S Dods.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Old Bishopsbourne Chapel, erected in 1912, is significant as a building of outstanding architectural quality, and as a fine example of the ecclesiastical work of Robin S Dods.</p><br>
<p>Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd is a heritage-listed church at 615 Brookfield Road, Brookfield, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1892 to 1893. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 April 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd was constructed in 1892. The architect is unknown, however, it is possible that the design may be attributed to the work of John Hingeston Buckeridge, architect for the Anglican Diocese of Brisbane from 1886-1902. Buckeridge lived in Sydney from 1892 and managed the design of church buildings from there.</p><br>
<p>Reverend John Vincent, the first chaplain in the penal settlement of Moreton Bay, then part of the Diocese of Newcastle, arrived in 1829. Up until the late 1840s, parishioners held services in makeshift buildings, open-air services and in private homes. In 1848 land was chosen in the present Queen&#39;s Park in George Street for the first Anglican Church in Brisbane, St John the Evangelist. With the establishment of the Colony of Queensland in December 1859, it became necessary to form a new diocese within the Anglican Church. The Bishop of the new Diocese of Brisbane, Reverend Edward Wyndham Tufnell, arrived in September 1860. Tufnell brought with him six young clergymen, including the Reverend Thomas Jones who played an important part in the early days of the Church of the Good Shepherd and other churches of the diocese.</p><br>
<p>By 1870, the Parish of Toowong had been formed and Brookfield was included as a remote part of that parish. By this time, Brookfield was settled by farmers and timbergetters who had arrived in the area in the late 1850s and 1860s. The Reverend Robert Creyke administered to the remote areas of the large parish. A centre for worship was established at Indooroopilly in 1887 and the Church of St Andrew was formally opened by William Webber, Anglican Bishop of Brisbane, on 25 August 1889. It is possible that Hedley Allen Dunn was the architect of this church. On 9 January 1890, the Parish of Toowong was divided and the boundaries of the Indooroopilly Parish were fixed, making Brookfield a remote part of the Indooroopilly Parish. Even with a change in Parish boundaries, the Anglican parishioners of Brookfield were still required to travel some distance to church. During one of his visits to Brookfield for services the Reverend Arthur Richard Rivers encouraged the local people to construct a church, and consequently, a Building Committee was established.</p><br>
<p>The land that was acquired for the building of a church, on the corner of Brookfield and Boscombe Streets, had been surveyed for sale in 1859. It was originally part of a land grant farmed by John McGrath, who obtained the Deed of Grant in January 1861. It was in October 1892 that the Building Committee purchased the land, for £20, from the owner, William Thomas Gee. On 21 November 1892, the solicitors, Wilson, Newman-Wilson and Hemming, forwarded to the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane the Certificate of Title for the land on which the Church of the Good Shepherd was to be built. The church cost £220 to build and was consecrated on Easter Monday 2 April 1893. The architect of the church is unknown, though, it is likely that it was not designed directly by John Hingeston Buckeridge, the Diocesan Architect. There were, however, plans drawn by Buckeridge which Bishop Webber made available to some Building Committees. These plans were intended to assist in costing and assessing sizes, and the Church of the Good Shepherd may have been based on one of these plans.</p><br>
<p>To reduce costs the interior was originally unlined, revealing the studwork, and the timber was oiled rather than stained or painted. The gable roofs of the church were originally clad with "stringy-bark" shingles. The north vestry appears to have been added after the building was opened and may account for the presence of chamferboards on the internal south wall of the vestry. The later addition of vestries was not uncommon was usually related to funding availability. Sometime in the 1930s, the shingle roof was replaced by iron sheeting and in the early 1950s, the interior walls were lined and painted. The chancel interior was clad with "masonite" and louvre windows were installed on either side of the altar.</p><br>
<p>During the 1960s, further maintenance work was carried out and the church was repainted and rewired. The sanctuary was relined with clear-finished, horizontal pine boards and the floor around the vestry and pulpit was repaired. During this time the church floor was sanded and varnished.</p><br>
<p>In 1968, the Parish of Kenmore, Brookfield and Moggill was formed. During the 1980s, stained glass was installed and the church was repaired once more. The adjacent parish hall was built in 1985 to the designs of architect Philip Gough. The church bell, originally located outside the vestry, was moved to a position north of the west porch.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd is a single-storey, timber church set on wooden stumps, sited on a rise to the northern side of Brookfield Road. It comprises a four-bay nave, a chancel and a north vestry and west porch. There is a separate sanctuary with an independent roof and raised floor. The church measures twelve metres by six metres, excluding the vestry and porch, and has a seating capacity of approximately eighty. The church is clad externally in white painted chamferboards.</p><br>
<p>The east window is an under-scaled triplet and the taller flanking windows are set in square frames. The glass in the east windows, including the centre panel depicting the Good Shepherd, was installed in 1981. The west gable wall is characterised by the central west porch and the scalloped timber barge boards. The apex of the west wall has a vent opening with a pointed arch head and is fitted with timber louvres. The gable of the west porch is clad in weatherboards and the porch walls are open above the timber railing. The four lancet windows in each of the nave side walls comprise two centre pivoting timber-frame windows each with a central transom. The gable roofs of the nave and west porch are sheeted with corrugated iron painted red. The roofs over the nave and the porch have decorative scalloped timber bargeboards.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the nave has an open timber ceiling comprising tied principal rafters, purlins and diagonally laid boards. All ceiling timbers in the nave have been painted. The interior walls of the nave have been lined in sheet material with cover battens over the joints and painted. The unpainted timber ceiling over the sanctuary follows the polygonal plan and reveals rafters and diagonal boarding. Two metal tie rods restrain the sanctuary walls at eave level. The pointed arch chancel arch, somewhat awkwardly integrated with a square opening to the sanctuary, is surmounted by a louvred gable vent. The sanctuary walls have been clad in clear finished, horizontal pine boards. The suspended timber floor has east-west laid boards.</p><br>
<p>The Church is surrounded by mature conifers and eucalypts.</p><br>
<p>The Parish Hall (1985) is not considered to be of cultural heritage significance.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 April 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Church is important in demonstrating the development of the Anglican Church in Queensland and Brookfield during this time.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd, corner Brookfield and Boscombe Streets, Brookfield was constructed in the late nineteenth century and is of aesthetic significance as a picturesque and well executed example of a Gothic influenced timber ecclesiastical building. Many simple timber churches were constructed throughout Queensland, this example is distinguished by the quality of its design and by its visual cohesion with other historic buildings in the area, including the Uniting Church, constructed in 1871, Brookfield School, established in 1874 and the Brookfield cemetery, established in 1872.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd, corner Brookfield and Boscombe Streets, Brookfield was constructed in the late nineteenth century and is of aesthetic significance as a picturesque and well executed example of a Gothic influenced timber ecclesiastical building. Many simple timber churches were constructed throughout Queensland, this example is distinguished by the quality of its design and by its visual cohesion with other historic buildings in the area, including the Uniting Church, constructed in 1871, Brookfield School, established in 1874 and the Brookfield cemetery, established in 1872.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>As a place of public worship for over 100 years, the Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd has social value for the local Anglican community.</p><br>
<p>Mount Coot-tha Forest is a heritage-listed forest reserve at Sir Samuel Griffith Drive, Mount Coot-tha, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is also known as Mount Coot-tha Reserve. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 September 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mount Coot-tha Forest is part of the Taylor Range which forms a backdrop of hills to the city of Brisbane, and is the best known vantage point from which to view Brisbane and surrounds, offering sweeping views of the city, Moreton Bay, Stradbroke Island and the southern ranges. Since the 1870s the area has been extensively utilised in a number of ways including as a timber reserve, a vantage point, a place of recreation, for gold mining, as a military site and for television broadcasting. It is now predominantly used as a recreation and picnicking area and is the broadcasting site for several television stations. It forms part of Brisbane Forest Park.</p><br>
<p>The Taylor Range was originally named Glenmorrison Range by the explorer John Oxley in 1823. In the earliest recorded visit to Mount Coot-tha by European explorers, including surveyor Allan Cunningham, on 6 July 1828, this range was referred to as Glenmoristons Range and Sir Herbert Taylors Range by the colonial botanist, Charles Fraser, and as Glenmorristons Range by Captain Patrick Logan, Commandant of the penal settlement at Brisbane. Frasers journal describes in detail the species of trees found there, and that the view from the south-east to north-west was extensive and very grand.</p><br>
<p>During the decades following the commencement of free settlement in Brisbane in 1842, Mount Coot-tha appears to have been highly valued as a vantage point for recreation and survey and as the source of fresh water streams. The area was originally known as One Tree Hill after all the vegetation on the knoll was cleared except for one large gum tree. When Reverend Bell made an application in 1865 to purchase land on One Tree Hill, it was refused with the Surveyor General noting it was required for trigonometrical purposes, and moreover was frequently used by the people of Brisbane for recreation on account of the extensive views and fresh air. Thus Mount Coot-thas value as a vantage point and a place of recreation was recognised at an early stage in the citys development.</p><br>
<p>In 1860 Brisbane Forest Park was investigated for gold prospecting opportunities through the government funded Gold Exploration Expedition. The findings of the expedition was that, with one or two exceptions, there were no discoveries worthy of notice. Despite this, gold prospectors persisted and a number of small claims were established. It was 1894 before the first claim was recorded in Mount Coot-tha Forest and seemed to have been a tentative affair, not proceeding beyond the initial explorations. In 1933 it was cleaned out and retested. The remains of these attempts are still evident on the eastern bank of Ithaca Creek. Gold prospecting continued intermittently in Mount Coot-tha Forest until the early 1950s but no significant finds were recorded. Some remnants of these activities remain with a number of shafts, open cuts and a trolley line dating from the early 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The Taylor Range provided a source of good timber and One Tree Hill was first proclaimed a reserve for railway purposes on 21 February 1873 in order that the source of timber could be secured for development of the railway from Ipswich to Brisbane. In 1880 the timber reserve was cancelled and the area was re-designated as a Reserve for a Public Park under the Crown Lands Alienation Act 1861. One Tree Hill, including 1500 acres of surrounding bush land, extending from Toowong Cemetery to Gap Creek, was placed in the care of a body of trustees and declared a reserve for public recreation. The site was renamed Mount Coot-tha in 1883 with the name being thought to derive from the aboriginal word for native honey, ku-ta.</p><br>
<p>The Trust oversaw numerous works projects in the Reserve including fencing, road construction and clearing vegetation. In 1884 the Trust recorded the attendance of some 9000 visitors to the area between April and December demonstrating its popularity with the public. Mount Coot-tha Forest became even more accessible to the public with the granting of the Saturday half-holiday in Queensland, as part of the Factories and Shops Act 1900. The half-holiday was the beginning of the weekend as an institution, and together with public holidays, the popularity of recreation areas and activities increased.</p><br>
<p>The traditional route up Mount Coot-tha, and now one of the main access roads, is Sir Samuel Griffith Drive. Originally people walked up Mount Coot-tha and from this a track developed. By the 1870s some adventurous people were driving up with horses and carriages. When the area became a public park in 1880, the track was improved to become a steep and windy road that traversed Mount Coot-tha in a circular route, a popular route for walkers, buggies and the occasional motorist. This track formed the basis of Sir Samuel Griffith Drive, named after one of the more eminent trustees, Sir Samuel Griffith, twice Premier of Queensland, from 1883 to 1888 and then again from 1890 to 1893. By the 1920s it was a favoured scenic circuit regularly utilised by motoring day-trippers and for car rallies and in the early 1930s was dedicated as a public road.</p><br>
<p>Looking at the view has been the most popular and continuing form of recreation on Mount Coot-tha and in 1886, to accommodate people&#39;s needs, a shelter shed and water tank were erected on the area of the present Mt Coot-tha Lookout. In 1901 a pedestal and directional dial, identifying elements of the panorama, were installed. For many years this small feature was a landmark for visitors to the lookout and was a precursor to the directional plate located on the modern lookout platform. A small timber kitchen was later built in 1912. A larger kiosk was constructed c.1918 and formed the basis of the present kiosk. In 1928 the kiosk was enlarged and a two-storey timber extension for living quarters was added. The early shelter shed and small kitchen were demolished. During World War II the lookout was converted to military use. In 1949 and 1950 further work and extensions were carried out including a circular drive, new entrance, raised viewing platform, lounge and lavatories, extensions to the living quarters and construction of a timber tankstand.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the First World War, two dams were built on the gully formed by East Ithaca Creek, in the area now known as J.C. Slaughter Falls. It is unclear when and by whom the dams were constructed although records show them being in place by 1913. The dams were appreciated as a scenic picnic spot and by bird-watchers, wildlife enthusiasts and amateur artists. The destruction of the lower dam by flood in 1916 did not detract from the appeal of the setting and it "remained a spectacular ruin" below the new dam, erected in 1921. By the mid-1950s the area had fallen into disrepair and the surviving dam was demolished in the late 1960s or early 1970s. In 1974, following extensive improvements along East Ithaca Creek gully, J.C. Slaughter Falls Park, named in honour of the Town Clerk and City Administrator from 1940 to 1967, was opened. In the West Ithaca Creek area a similar development was completed in the late 1970s and was named after the local pioneering landowner Captain Henry George Simpson.</p><br>
<p>In 1919, following some years of financial difficulties, the Trust was disbanded and the Reserve was transferred to the Toowong Town Council. In 1925, the Queensland Parliament passed the City of Brisbane Act 1924 to set up a single local government in Brisbane. This led to control of Mount Coot-tha passing to the newly formed Brisbane City Council. The first elected mayor was Sir William Jolly and part of his election promise was the extension and improvement of the park system, including the securing of vantage points like Mount Coot-tha. Therefore, under the Jolly administration, the area of the Reserve expanded dramatically, acquiring more than 1000 acres. On his retirement Jolly stated that he felt that securing Mount Coot-tha Reserve was one of his administration&#39;s most important achievements.</p><br>
<p>During the Second World War, the Mount Coot-tha Forest was turned over for military use and served as a mine storage and assembly depot. Personnel from the 55th US Naval Construction Battalion and the RAAF Magnetic and Acoustic Mines Section were based at the depot, with the major camp area lying on the eastern point of the Forest near the present Hoop Pine picnic area. In 1944 the facility was dismantled and moved to Darwin although work was carried out on the building and mine depots until 1945. Rehabilitation of the area commenced in late 1946. A number of features installed by the military such as some concrete slabs, concrete channeling, footbridges and terracing still remain. The concrete slabs have been incorporated into the picnic areas as the floors of picnic shelters and as the floor of the open air chapel at J.C. Slaughter Falls.</p><br>
<p>The 1950s saw the introduction of television to Australia and by 1959 Channel Nine and Channel Seven both commenced broadcasting in Brisbane resulting in Brisbane City Council giving permission for the construction of transmission towers on Mount Coot-tha. Eventually two more towers were constructed for Channel Ten and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). The three towers for the commercial television stations, Channel Seven, Channel Nine and Channel Ten, are located on private freehold land along with their respective studio facilities. The fourth tower, used by the ABC, is on land owned by the Brisbane City Council. The towers are highly visible from many parts of Brisbane, even at night as they are mounted with blinking warning lights for aviation purposes. The towers are not included in the entry in the Heritage Register.</p><br>
<p>Apart from its many different land uses by the people of Queensland, Mount Coot-tha Forest provides an area of natural habitat for plants and animals. Its topography provides a variety of habitats for vegetation and for many species of fauna, including three rare species of owl - Powerful owl (Ninox strenua), Masked owl (Tyto novaehollandiae) and Sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa).</p><br>
<p>Mount Coot-tha Forest has an extensive and diverse history of uses and associations since the late 1800s to the present including as a timber reserve, a vantage point, a place of recreation, for gold mining, as a military site and for television broadcasting. Its predominant use now is as a recreation and picnicking area and it is the broadcasting site for several television stations.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Mount Coot-tha Forest is one of Brisbane&#39;s largest natural areas, with over 1,500 hectares of open eucalypt forest just 15 minutes drive from the CBD. Flanking the south-western suburbs of Brisbane lies the Taylor Range, the southern end of which ends abruptly at Mount Coot-tha. It is located approximately 5 kilometres west of Brisbane CBD and abuts the suburbs of Enoggera, The Gap, Ashgrove, Bardon, Rainworth, Toowong, Taringa, Chapel Hill, Kenmore Hills and Brookfield. It is primarily accessed by Simpsons Road, Mount Coot-tha Road, Sir Samuel Griffith Drive, Dillon Road, Gap Creek Road and Gold Creek Road.</p><br>
<p>The vegetation of Mount Coot-tha is mainly associated with dry eucalypt forest including the species, Spotted gum (Corymbia varigata), Grey gum (Eucalyptus propinqua), Forest red gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) and Narrow-leafed ironbark (Eucalyptus crebra). Various species of acacias, including Brisbane Golden Wattle (Acacia fimbriata) and Broadleaf Wattle (Acacia implexa) are predominant in the understorey shrubs along with grass trees Xanthorrhoea species. Native grasses, primarily Kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra) and Blady grass (Imperata cylindrica) make up the minimal ground cover.</p><br>
<p>Sir Samuel Griffith Drive is a two lane circuit of the outer edge of Mount Coot-tha. It has an undulating circuit through open forest and offers shifting views of the city. It is a renowned tourist drive, providing access to many picnic areas and vantage points in Mount Coot-tha Forest.</p><br>
<p>Gold mining related remnants include a wooden trolley line, well, wooden shaft structure, battery site, concrete plinth, iron cover, dam, sump and ore dump.</p><br>
<p>Second World War remnants include concrete slabs and a number of creek crossings, concrete drains and footbridges at the J.C. Slaughter Falls and Hoop Pine Picnic Grounds. There is also a "Detonator Locker", cut into a hillside and partially covered with earth, beside one of the walking tracks in J.C. Slaughter Falls Park. It is formed by curved corrugated iron, rolled to an elliptical profile. The manufacturer&#39;s stamp "Manufactured by the American Rolling Mill Co. Middleton Ohio" is still clearly visible. The back wall of the shelter is formed by tray-profile sheet metal. A steel frame surrounds the opening. There is a section of steel frame inside the shelter, which appears to have been built to reinforce the structure.</p><br>
<p>The ABC broadcast tower and associated structures (located on Lease A on SP122735) are not included in the entry in the Heritage Register.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Mount Coot-tha Forest was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 September 2007 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Mount Coot-tha Forest is an early example of the importance that the Queensland public placed upon recreational, scenic and environmental values. It has been used as a vantage point since the first recorded European ascent of Mount Coot-tha in 1828. Since then, the growing popularity of visiting the summit has reflected the emergence of leisure and recreation time for the general populace, and the advent and popularity of the motor car. The area has been continually used and enjoyed by the public since the early development of Brisbane. It is also important for demonstrating a range of different land uses such as a reference point for surveying, timber reserve, gold mining and military activities that are representative of Queensland history while retaining its original values.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The remnants of gold mining in Mount Coot-tha Forest represents a now uncommon aspect of Queensland&#39;s history. While gold prospecting was once a common way of life in Queensland, the proximity of gold prospecting activity so close to Brisbane is uncommon. These remnants are the only physical evidence left of the attempts to establish a fledging gold industry at Mount Coot-tha.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The remnants of gold mining activity have the potential to yield information about the nature and scope of the activities that took place in Mount Coot-tha Forest which will contribute to an understanding of how the area was used over time.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Mount Coot-tha Forest is important because of its aesthetic significance as a prominent scenic and landmark element in the cityscape and affords spectacular views in all directions, as well as views to the mountain, particularly from the city.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The recreational, scenic and environmental attributes of Mount Coot-tha Forest have been valued by the people of Brisbane since the early days of European settlement in Brisbane. The use of the area for leisure activities was strengthened with the legislation of the Saturday half day holiday in 1900 which heralded the beginning of the traditional weekend. The picnic areas and walking tracks are evidence of the continuity of recreational activities in Mount Coot-tha Forest since the late 1800s to the present and the area is popular with different recreational groups including scouts, bushwalkers, runners and mountain bike riders.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Mount Coot-tha Forest has strong association with former Queensland Premiers Sir Samuel Griffith, who was a trustee, and Sir William Jolly who, through his administration in the mid 1920s, was instrumental in maintaining and expanding Mount Coot-tha Forest and played an important role in ensuring the area was preserved for the enjoyment of the Queensland public into the future.</p><br>
<p>Mount Coot-tha Lookout & Kiosk is a heritage-listed lookout at Sir Samuel Griffith Drive, Mount Coot-tha, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1918 to. It is also known as One-Tree-Hill. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 13 January 1995.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mount Coot-tha is part of the Taylor Range which forms a backdrop of hills to the City of Brisbane, and is the best known vantage point from which to view the city and surrounds. Mount Coot-tha was previously known as One-Tree-Hill, a reference to when the hill terminated in a bare knoll with a solitary large tree at the summit.</p><br>
<p>The Taylor Range was originally named Glenmorrison Range by the explorer John Oxley in 1823. In July 1828, this range was referred to as Glenmoristons Range and Sir Herbert Taylors Range by the colonial botanist Charles Fraser, and as Glenmorriston&#39;s Range by Captain Patrick Logan, Commandant of the penal settlement at Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The first recorded ascent by European explorers was on 6 July 1828, with Fraser, Captain Patrick Logan and explorer Allan Cunningham. Fraser&#39;s journal describes in detail the species of trees found there, and that the view from the south-east to north-west was extensive and very grand, presenting an immense thinly wooded plain, whose surface was gently undulated, and clothed with luxuriant grass.</p><br>
<p>A request to purchase One-Tree-Hill in 1865 was refused, and the Surveyor-General replied that it will be required for trigonometrical purposes, and is moreover a point to which inhabitants of this city frequently repair for recreation on account of the extensive view and fresh air.</p><br>
<p>The Taylor Range provided a source of good timber and One-Tree-Hill was first proclaimed a reserve for railway purposes on 21 February 1873 in order that the source of timber could be secured for development of the railway from Ipswich to Brisbane. In 1880, One-Tree-Hill, together with the surrounding area of 1500 acres, was placed in charge of a body of Trustees as a reserve for public recreation. It was at this time that the name was changed to Mount Coot-tha. Mr HW Radford, Clerk of the Parliament, and Honorary Secretary to the Trustees of the Public Recreation Reserve, questioned a descendant of earlier members of the aboriginal tribe that frequented that area and discovered that the aboriginal name for the area was Coot-tha or Kuta, the aboriginal name for honey or the place of honey. Hence the name change to its official title of Mount Coot-tha.</p><br>
<p>The summit was accessed by walking tracks, and by the 1870s some visitors were driving up with horse and carriages. When Mount Coot-tha became a reserve for public recreation, the track was improved to become a steep and windy road. The surviving one-tree was surrounded by a protective fence and in 1886 a shelter shed and water tank was built. Mount Coot-tha was proclaimed a reserve for native birds on 20 December 1890.</p><br>
<p>The Saturday half-holiday was legislated for in Queensland as part of the 1900 Factory Act. The half-holiday was the beginning of the weekend as an institution, and together with public holidays the popularity of recreation areas and activities increased. With the advent of the motor car, motoring itself became a recreation activity. By 1918 it could be asserted that the steep rough bridle tracks of years ago were replaced with well-made roads and paths so that pedestrians and motorists could attain the highest points of Mount Coot-tha with the utmost ease. This road later became Sir Samuel Griffith Drive.</p><br>
<p>In 1918 the Trustees of the Reserve requested that the Greater Brisbane Council take over the administration of the area and at this time it is believed that a new kiosk was built next to the existing shelter shed.</p><br>
<h3>The Kiosk</h3><br>
<p>The first recorded shelter shed at Mount Coot-tha appears to have been an open sided timber structure and water tank. In May 1886, the Courier reported the completion of the shed, stating the site selected not being unduly exposed, whilst commanding the favourite outlook. Tables, forms, and tanks are all fixed up and the fireplaces are in progress, and as soon as a rainfall gives a supply of water, picnicking parties can avail themselves of all the conveniences provided. The wife of the caretaker of the reserve, who lived in a house about a quarter of a mile below the summit, operated a small kiosk where teas were served to visitors.</p><br>
<p>A small timber kitchen had been built adjacent to the shelter shed by c.1912. A larger open sided kiosk was constructed on the northeast side of the shelter shed c.1918, and this kiosk forms the basis of the present structure. A 1928 plan by Alfred Herbert Foster, Brisbane City Architect 1925-32, shows the position of the shelter shed and adjacent open sided kiosk, and indicates that the small kitchen may have been relocated to form a detached kitchen wing serving the kiosk.</p><br>
<p>A 1928 design signed by Reyburn Jameson, Brisbane City Assistant Architect 1926-29, repeated the plan form of the existing kiosk to double its size and provide for a two-storeyed timber extension to the northwest to accommodate living quarters. The shelter shed and small kitchen were demolished, the prominent fleche and chimney were added, and the roof resheeted with red fibro cement tiles. The open balustrade nature of the kiosk changed at this time, with the inclusion of sliding multi-paned timber sashes above hand rail level and a fibro cement balustrade below. The enlarged kiosk reflected the increasing popularity and visitor numbers to Mount Coot-tha, and the proliferation of motor transport.</p><br>
<p>A 1949 design by Brisbane City Architect Frank Gibson Costello shows extensions and alterations to the kitchen and caretakers wing with the annotation town water supply to be extended to high level tank located in a suitable position having in mind the future development of this site. Further work was carried out in 1950, with a design by Costello in May showing a circular drive, new entrance, lounge and lavatories, and later that year extensions to the living quarters and the construction of a high-level timber tankstand. The present terra-cotta roof tiles date from post 1950. As City Architect, Costello also designed the adjoining lookout and raised viewing platform which are typical of the quality of his work for the council, which included the sub-stations at Hamilton, Ashgrove and Newmarket, and the Eagle Farm Pumping Station.</p><br>
<p>More recently, some internal partitioning has occurred and an entrance pergola and signage have been constructed.</p><br>
<h3>The Lookout</h3><br>
<p>Looking at the view has been the most popular and continuing form of recreation on Mount Coot-tha, and in 1882 the Duke of Clarence and Prince George (later King George V) commemorated their visit to Mount Coot-tha by planting two Moreton Bay Fig trees on the summit. By 1902 the viewing spot had been formalised by the erection of a stone pillar topped with a metal plate engraved with directional lines pointing to distant landmarks and views. There were also protective railings and a pay-as-you-look telescope.</p><br>
<p>A small viewing gazebo with an ogee shaped roof, stone base, open balustrades, pergola entrance, and housing a telescope was constructed c.1918. In 1927 the Duke and Duchess of York were photographed visiting Mount Coot-tha standing at the direction finder.</p><br>
<p>A 1950 design by City Architect Frank Gibson Costello shows a raised viewing platform with a concrete canopy on a stone base, with a large radiating lookout platform above a stone retaining wall. The stand of trees at the summit were cleared for the construction of the lookout platform. The 1950 scheme showed a drinking fountain in place of the current direction finder, and a direction finder located on the raised viewing platform.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Mount Coot-tha Lookout and Kiosk are located at the summit of Mount Coot-tha fronting Sir Samuel Griffith Drive to the southeast.</p><br>
<p>The Kiosk The kiosk, located to the north of the lookout, is a single-storeyed timber building on a stone base with a terra-cotta tiled gable and half-gable roof. The roof has a prominent central fleche ventilator, terra-cotta finials and chimney pots, and half-timbered gables.</p><br>
<p>The building has evolved from an open sided kiosk, and the main section is formed by two adjoining similar kiosk structures, with a two-storeyed service wing to the rear and an addition to the northeast. The kiosk section has sliding multi-paned sash windows which can be concealed within the solid balustrade below, and multi-paned fanlight glazing above. The balustrade has fibrous cement panels with timber mouldings. The service wing and northeast addition have weatherboard cladding, with a brick base to the northeast.</p><br>
<p>A tall timber framed tankstand is located to the north of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Lookout The lookout is located at southern and highest end of the site, with views from the south to the northeast. It consists of a large radiating lookout platform above a porphyry stone retaining wall, surrounded by metal balustrading with a raised viewing platform at the southern end.</p><br>
<p>The octagonal raised viewing platform is located on a stepped base of concentric paths and garden beds with porphyry stone retaining walls. The platform has a terrazzo floor with an inlaid brass star pattern and a concrete canopy supported on steel posts. A carpark is located to the west of the lookout.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Mount Coot-tha Lookout & Kiosk was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 13 January 1995 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Coot-tha Lookout and Kiosk site has been recognised as the best vantage point from which to view the surrounding area since the first recorded European ascent in 1828. Since this time, the growing popularity of visiting the summit has reflected the emergence of leisure and recreation time for the general populace, and the advent and popularity of the motor car.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Kiosk is important as a building which has evolved to meet the changing requirements of use, but has retained the integrity and character of the original structure. The evolution of the Kiosk is displayed in its cohesive and legible form, with the c.1918 structure forming the basis of the present building.</p><br>
<p>The Lookout is representative of a 1950s interpretation of the functionalist idiom.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Both structures are representative of the high quality of civic architecture produced by the Brisbane City Council Works Department and of the City Architect.</p><br>
<p>Glentworth is a heritage-listed detached house at 34 Howard Street, Paddington, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Glentworth, a single-storeyed, high-set timber residence, stands on the original Bayswater subdivisions purchased by Katherine Mary Pery in 1879. The Hon. Cecil Standish Stackpole Pery was a clerk in the titles office.</p><br>
<p>In 1888 the Chalk family bought the property, which remained their home until the mid-1960s. Michael Chalk was a highly successful bus proprietor, whose business provided vital communication links between the western suburbs and the city.</p><br>
<p>In 1967 the property passed to the Salvation Army, which resold it in 1975. The residence remains a family home.</p><br>
<p>The home underwent a major renovation in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Glentworth is a single-storeyed timber house on stumps, with a central axial corridor and wide verandahs to three sides.</p><br>
<p>It has a pyramid-shaped, corrugated iron roof crowned by a large timber finial. Convex iron-sheeted verandah roofs are separated from the main roof by a small cornice and paired timber console brackets.</p><br>
<p>Verandah decoration is restrained: slender timber posts with capitals and brackets; cross-braced timber balustrading; and a timber fretwork pediment of intricate design crowned by another tall timber finial, above the entrance.</p><br>
<p>The cladding is of 12 inch (30 centimetres) wide chamferboards, and linings and partitions are of vertically jointed tongue and groove.</p><br>
<p>Externally the house retains its original character, although little remains of the 19th century garden layout.</p><br>
<p>Glentworth is situated above a gently rising lawn bordered by tall palms and trees, and is visible for a considerable distance from the north. It dominates the vista at the top of Agars Street, and is associated visually with Boondah, Baroona and other early timber residences in Howard Street, Rosalie.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Glentworth was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Glentworth, constructed possibly, is significant historically for its association with the early development of Rosalie as a middle-class garden suburb.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>It has representational value as a substantially intact, classic Queensland timber colonial residence of the early 1880s, and makes an aesthetic contribution to the historic Rosalie townscape.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>It has representational value as a substantially intact, classic Queensland timber colonial residence of the early 1880s, and makes an aesthetic contribution to the historic Rosalie townscape.</p><br>
<p>Boondah is a heritage-listed detached house at 50 Howard Street, Paddington, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was apparently designed by Richard Gailey and built. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 11 June 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This single-storeyed weatherboard house stands on land which was alienated in 1879 by George Blaxland Mott and subdivided after his death in 1882.</p><br>
<p>Ellen Wickham, widow of Captain John Clements Wickham, the governing official of Moreton Bay settlement until 1859, bought the site and lived there in a house called Manchonlas until her death in 1896. This dwelling was razed about 1906 and was replaced by Boondah c.1907, apparently to a design by notable architect Richard Gailey.</p><br>
<p>By 1907 Fenton Robinson was living at this address and the property remained with the Robinson family until 1967 and was acquired by the present owners in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Boondah is a single-storeyed weatherboard house with a corrugated iron gabled roof. The building sits on concrete stumps with timber batten infill and is sited on a ridge with the ground sloping to the northeast.</p><br>
<p>The symmetrical north elevation has two corner octagonal ogee shaped cupola&#39;s with tall timber finials and a central front entrance porch with a projecting gable roof. The building has verandahs with corrugated iron skillion roofs to the north, east and west which encircle the octagonal shaped corner bays.</p><br>
<p>The verandahs have cast iron balustrades with a timber valance and brackets. The verandah walls have single skin vertically jointed boards with French doors and sash windows. The front entrance has leadlight fanlight and sidelights, and opens to a central corridor leading to the rear of the building.</p><br>
<p>A rear verandah has been enclosed and the rear subfloor space has been bricked in. The grounds include an inground concrete swimming pool in the southeast and a large camphor laurel tree to the southwest. Entry to the site is from the north via a driveway cut into a steep earth embankment.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Boondah was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 11 June 1993 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Boondah is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a federation period timber house.</p><br>
<p>Boondah, both the house and grounds, is important in exhibiting aesthetic characteristics valued by the Brisbane community, in particular as a striking timber house composed with elaborate verandahs and roofline and for the streetscape contribution of the building and grounds.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Boondah is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a federation period timber house.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Boondah, both the house and grounds, is important in exhibiting aesthetic characteristics valued by the Brisbane community, in particular as a striking timber house composed with elaborate verandahs and roofline and for the streetscape contribution of the building and grounds.</p><br>
<p>Baroona is a heritage-listed villa at 90 Howard Street, Paddington, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Benjamin Backhouse and built. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original residence, called Baroona, was designed by Benjamin Backhouse and built in 1866 for William Draper Box on land which the architect had alienated in 1861 and Box acquired in 1865. The property extended from Baroona Road on one side to the outskirts of Torwood on the other.</p><br>
<p>Box had arrived in Brisbane in 1862 to establish a Queensland branch of his father&#39;s mercantile firm, and lived at Baroona until 1885. He was a member of the Queensland Club and of the Queensland Legislative Council from 1874 until his death in 1904.</p><br>
<p>During subsequent years the house was rented by two prominent politicians. Hon. John Donaldson Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly was in residence from about 1886 to 1889, followed by Sir Robert Philp of Burns Philp and Co, the Queensland Premier from 1899 to 1901. William Melbourne Watts, Land Commissioner, purchased the house in 1899 and sold it to Emily and Cornelius Geaney in 1919. Geaney was the City Mutual Life Insurance Company manager and his family retained the property until 1951 when Dr and Mrs Hill became the owners. It was sold again in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The building was extensively modified by successive owners including the addition of rooms, brick render, eastern verandahs, fretwork gable, northern porch and a modern kitchen.</p><br>
<p>The name Baroona is also used for the main road, the locality and the municipal ward.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Baroona is a single-storeyed rendered masonry building with a corrugated iron gabled roof. The building sits on a level hilltop site and has verandahs to the east and southeast, and to portions of the north and south elevations.</p><br>
<p>The gables have timber finials and decorative bargeboards with the eastern bay gable featuring timber fretwork. Verandahs have corrugated iron skillion roofs and the north verandah has an entrance porch with projecting gable.</p><br>
<p>The east and southeast verandahs sit on timber stumps and have latticed valance and cast iron balustrades. The south verandah has timber arches with lattice infill and opens off a hall with a corrugated iron barrel vault roof which is lined with tongue and groove boards. This vault has glazing to the western end and a central square raised skylight.</p><br>
<p>The building has sash windows and French doors open onto the verandahs with exposed windows having timber shutters. A brick cellar is located on the southern side, a carport is attached to the southwest and a separate rendered masonry garage with a corrugated iron gabled roof and decorative timber finials and bargeboards is located to the west.</p><br>
<p>The grounds include a lawn tennis court to the north, mature trees to the west and south and a stone embankment to the northeast.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Baroona was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The association with Sir Robert Philp, Hon. John Donaldson and William Draper Box.</p><br>
<p>Community association with the name Baroona being used for the main road, the locality and the municipal ward.</p><br>
<p>Landmark value as the areas original house and its siting on the crest of the hill.</p><br>
<p>Evidence of the domestic work of Benjamin Backhouse.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Landmark value as the areas original house and its siting on the crest of the hill.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>Community association with the name Baroona being used for the main road, the locality and the municipal ward.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The association with Sir Robert Philp, Hon. John Donaldson and William Draper Box.</p><br>
<p>Evidence of the domestic work of B Backhouse.</p><br>
<p>Queensland Club is a heritage-listed club house at 19 George Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built from 1882 to 1888 by J Smith & Sons. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Queensland Club building was constructed between 1882-84. The club was established in December 1859 following the apparent success of the North Australian Club in Ipswich, and coinciding with the establishment of Queensland as a separate colony. Adopting the British tradition of private clubs for influential members of the community, it provided a recreational venue and accommodation for men of common interests and socio-economic backgrounds. Members were mainly pastoralists, politicians, and business and professional men.</p><br>
<p>The club met initially in small premises in Mary Street. As membership increased, a larger venue was required and in 1881 the club purchased three allotments on the corner of George and Alice Streets, which was known as Hodgsons Corner. FDG Stanley, a member of the club, was appointed architect.</p><br>
<p>The proximity to the seat of government made it an appropriate locale for the new club premises. Stanley&#39;s plans were modified by the members and finally approved in March 1882. The contractor was J Smith and Sons and the contract sum was £14,150.</p><br>
<p>The building was opened in June 1884 and contained 41 members bedrooms, eight bathrooms, a clubroom, dining room, billiard room, smoking room, visitors room, offices and the necessary kitchens, servants rooms and toilets, providing a "home away from home" for societys male elite.</p><br>
<p>In September 1888 the club purchased the adjoining site in Alice Street for £4,000, and stables, laundry and a bottle house were erected. Three years later these buildings were demolished and a bowling green established. The green remained mostly unused and in 1900, it was converted to a tennis court.</p><br>
<p>In 1985 a fire caused damage to the club premises and changes to the room layout of the upper floor bedrooms were carried out in conjunction with the repair work. Minor renovations were undertaken during 1990-91.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Queensland Club, located on the corner of Alice and George Streets diagonally opposite Parliament House, is a three storey rendered brick building incorporating Italianate elements.</p><br>
<p>The building is a broad H-shape in plan form, with its long elevation to Alice Street and one side to George Street. The main entry is in the central part of the building beneath a deep porch. There are verandahs on two levels across the front and down the side of each wing. These are supported by Tuscan columns on the ground floor and slender Corinthian cast iron columns on the first floor. The balustrades on both levels are of decorative cast ironwork.</p><br>
<p>At the end of each wing is a projecting bay window on the ground and first floor level with open balustrade above. Quoins punctuate the corners of the building and there are banded piers on either side of the entry. Above the third level the building has an open parapet and large ornate urns at the corner of each wing. A classical pediment topped by a finial is located above the entry.</p><br>
<p>The main entry has a large semi-circular fan-light. On the ground floor the windows are double hung sashes and on the first floor French-lights. The grounds contain mature trees and tennis court. The spacious entrance hall has a staircase with cast iron balustrading. The ground floor contains large and lofty reception rooms and a dining room in the northern wing. The joinery is of cedar with restrained plasterwork mostly original. The upper floors contain guest rooms.</p><br>
<p>Both street frontages are fenced with a low rendered masonry retaining wall with square piers and cast iron balustrade infill. The Alice Street main entrance features an ogee shaped cast iron arch with a central light fitting and swing gates. A section of the George Street carpark is bounded by a wire fence and a large fig tree is located in the Alice and George Street corner garden.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Queensland Club was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Queensland Club is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queenslands history as an example of the transposition of a British, class oriented gentlemens club, to Brisbane Society.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building demonstrates the principal characteristics of a nineteenth century purpose built, exclusive men&#39;s club based on British tradition.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Queensland Club exhibits particular aesthetic characteristics valued by the community through its contribution to the streetscape at Alice and George Streets, and to Parliament House and the Botanic Gardens.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Queensland Club is significant for its special association with the work of architect FDG Stanley, a member of the Queensland Club.</p><br>
<p>The Zadoc Long Free Library is the public library of Buckfield, Maine. It is located at 5 Turner Street in a small wood frame building designed by John Calvin Stevens and built in 1901. It was a gift to the town from Buckfield native John Davis Long in honor of his father Zadoc, and was the town&#39;s first library. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The library is a single-story wood frame structure, with a hip roof, walls sheathed in wood shingles, and a granite foundation. A slightly-projecting gable hangs over the entrance, which is centered the three-bay main facade. The doorway is flanked by sidelight windows with diamond panes, echoing a feature in the elliptical hood which surmounts the door. The gable is supported by a pair of console brackets. To the left of the entry are paired sash windows with multi-pane upper and two-pane lower; to the right there are three such windows. The interior of the library is divided into three spaces: the center has the circulation desk, the right side has a reading area, and the left side has the stacks. The stacks consist of original wooden shelving with Craftsman style pedestals at the ends. The reading room has a large brick fireplace.</p><br>
<p>John Davis Long (1838-1915), a Buckfield native, served as Governor of Massachusetts in the 1880s and as United States Secretary of the Navy under President William McKinley. In 1900 he acted on an idea he had harbored for some time to provide his place of birth with a library, hiring the noted Portland architect John Calvin Stevens to design the building. The property on which it stands was donated to the town, and the building was completed in 1901. Long and his relatives provided an initial collection of books. The library is one of a series designed by Stevens for a number of small Maine communities around the turn of the 20th century; the design of the Long library was influential in his work on the Rumford Public Library, and the Cary Library in Houlton, both designed in 1903.</p><br>
<p>The Tidone is a river in the Region of Emilia Romagna in northern Italy. It is a right-bank tributary of the Po River. The stream rises in the Apennine Mountains near Monte Penice and flows in a northerly direction into the Po.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Tidone&#39;s sources are on the northern slope of Monte Penice at an altitude of over 1,000 m in the Apennine Mountains in the municipality of Menconico. The river flows down a narrow mountain valley called the Val Tidone. The upper reaches of the stream are located in the Province of Pavia while the middle and lower course is in the Province of Piacenza. The village of Romagnese is found in the upper part of the valley.</p><br>
<p>Near the town of Nibbiano the Tidone flows into the Lago di Trebecco which is formed by a dam built in the 1920s. The reservoir is used for irrigation and the dam produces a modest amount of electricity.</p><br>
<p>The Tidone leaves the foothills near Pianello Val Tidone and enters the flat Po plains. The stream flows into the Po west of Piacenza between the towns of Sarmato on the west and Rottofreno on the east. The affluents of the Tidone are mountain streams called the Morcione, Tidoncello, Chiarone and Luretta. The Trebbia River is the next major river to the east.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Battle of Trebbia was fought near the lower course of the Tidone when Hannibal defeated a Roman army in 218 BC. The name dates from the battle when a Roman centurion found the Tidones waters to be clear and drinkable while the nearby Trebbia supposedly ran red with the blood of the battles victims. In thanks to the river, the officer said O Valle ti dono questo anello; ti dono (I give). Also fought in the area was a second Battle of Trebbia in 1799 which pitted a Republican French army against the allied armies of the Russian Empire and Habsburg Austria.</p><br>
<p>Orzysz  is a lake located in the Masurian Lake District, in the Land of the Great Masurian Lakes, in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in Pisz County, in the urban-rural Gmina Orzysz. On the southwestern shore of the lake is located the town of Orzysz.</p><br>
<p>The lake is a ribbon lake with an area of 1070.7 ha, located at an elevation of 117 metres, with a varied depth and forested shores on the southwestern and northeastern shores of the lake. The shore has an irregular shape, which is characterised by many bays along its shoreline, and long narrow peninsulas, which deeply cut through the lake. In the Southern part of the lake there is a long bay which is separated by the twisting Ameryka (America) Peninsula from the nearby Wierzbińskie Lake (70 ha).</p><br>
<p>The lake has ten islands, with a total area of about 74 ha. The largest of them is Różany Ostrów also known as Wyspą Róż (54 ha) which is linked to the mainland by a bridge. The lake is joined with nearby lakes by small canals. The river Orzysza, which flows out of the lake, links it with the nearby lakes Tyrkło and Śniardwy. There is a kayak trail that runs through the area.</p><br>
<p>The main characteristics of the lake are that of its varying depth and many species of plants; on the shores of the lake, there are forests of different types of pine and spruce trees.</p><br>
<p>Types of fish in the lake waters include Coregonus albula, common bream, European perch, Northern pike, zander, silver bream, common rudd, common roach and common bleak.</p><br>
<h2>Ameryka Peninsula</h2><br>
<p>The Ameryka peninsula is located in between the two lakes Orzysz and Wierzbińskie, which is sometimes referred to as the Wierzbińskie Bay. From the western part of the lake there is a bridge which crosses a narrow gap. The width of the peninsula ranges from about 100 to 300 metres. In the narrowest parts of the peninsula, both of the lakes can be seen. On both sides of the lake there are overgrown patches of Alnus glutinosa. Some roots of the trees are visible due to waves eroding their soil, creating a separate characteristic to the part of the lake. Both of the lakes are eutrophic and have similar water-based plants. There is a large amount of swamp vegetation, including the following species found in the lake: bugleweed, bittersweet, water mint, yellow water-lily, and Canadian waterweed. In some parts the shore has sand and is easily accessible. There are also synanthrope plants in the lake: burdock, lion&#39;s tail, common nettle, cow parsley, tetterwort and common wormwood. To the southeastern part of the lake, the peninsula becomes more wider and the plants become luxuriant. There are different types of plants in that part than elsewhere: there are blueberries, blackberries and moss, and in the autumn mushrooms grow. In the forest there are visible trenches from World War II. Along the southern part of the shore of Wierzbińskie Lake, there is the stretched village Wierzbiny.</p><br>
<p>Pogubie Wielki is a lake located in the Masurian Plains, on the terrain of the Puszcza Piska, to the South-Western direction of Pisz, near the village of Pogobie Średnie .</p><br>
<p>The lake is polymictic with a round shape and a depth which does not have substantial difference. The lake&#39;s area is 670,8 ha, the length is 3,9 km, has a width of 2,5 km, and the depth to 2.6 metres. In the Northern part of the lake is located the island Ostrów Wielki with an area of 21 ha. The lake is mainly surrounded by forests (about 95%, the rest 5% are fields and pastures). The shore of the lake is a swamp, and is not easily accessible. The surface of the lake is covered with vegetation from the water. The main inflow of the lake is the river Rybnica, which carries water from the lake Brzozolasek. The outflow of the lake is also by the river Rybnica in the South which flows the water to the nearby lake Pogubie Małe. From the Western side of the lake the river Zimna flows in.</p><br>
<p>The lake is located in the area of Jezioro Pogubie Wielkie Nature Reserve (ornithological nature reserve).</p><br>
<p>The lake is classified to have second class quality water with a result of 2.4.</p><br>
<p>The former Delmont State Bank is a historic bank building at 104 West Main Street in Delmont, South Dakota. It is a single story brick structure, with a flat roof. Its main facade has three bays, two with plate glass windows of differing size on the left, and the main entry  on the right. The facade is topped by a corbelled brick parapet, whose central section is topped by a concrete cap in which the year of construction, 1903, is incised. The Delmont State Bank was one of two banks established in Delmont in the early 1900s. The other folded in 1933, while the Delmont State Bank was merged into the First State Bank of Armour in 1966. After moving to larger facilities in 1976, the bank building was sold to the city for $1, and now houses city offices.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Agop Batu Tulug Caves is an archaeological site in the Malaysian state of Sabah and refers to a group of several caves in a steep limestone cliffs in the Kinabatangan district.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The name combines words from three languages: agop in Sungai language means "cave", batu is the Malay word for "rock", while tulug comes from the Cebuano language (carrying the same meaning as in the Sungai language) where it means "to go to sleep" referring to the resting place of the dead.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The caves used since 500 to 900 years ago as a burial place with about 125 carved wooden coffins available inside. It was divided into three main caves, namely Agop Sawat (upper cave), Agop Lintanga (middle cave) and Agop Suriba (lower cave). The caves at Agop Sawat and Lintanga contained more than 125 ancient log coffins. All coffins inside the caves were made from belian (Eusideroxylon zwageri) hardwood, and decorated with carvings of buffalo head, crocodile, house lizard and snake. The carvings reflect the myths and legends of the Kinabatangan people. For example, a crocodile is related to death and the power darkness while the bugang bird, dog, rooster and deer were friends of their heroes. The coffins resemble different animals associated to the beliefs of the Orang Sungai but it has also been said that they are the coffins of the Chinese who once settled in the area as Chinese artefacts were found among the remains. It is believed that this type of funeral culture was brought by traders from Mainland China and Indochina to northern Borneo, since similar wooden coffins were also discovered in these countries. Researchers assumes that about 2,000 such wooden coffins are distributed in the Kinabatangan Valley. Other sites are located in Ulu Segama, Lahad Datu and Tawau.</p><br>
<p>The cave was discovered in 1984 through an expedition led by P Brietag, the manager of tobacco estate in Batu Putih of Kinabatangan together with researcher Barbara Harrisson of Sarawak State Museum and staffs of the Sabah Museum. Since 6 July 1996, the caves are part of the Sabah Museum, which is responsible for maintenance and upkeep the ancillary facilities such as toilets, staircase buildings, office buildings and overnight cabins except for the scientific support of the caves.</p><br>
<p>The Copper River and Northwestern Railway Bunkhouse and Messhouse are historic railroad worker facilities on Third Street in Chitina, Alaska. The messhouse is a single-story wood frame structure with a hip roof, measuring 26 x. It has a porch on the east side, and a timber-braced entrance on the west side leading to a root cellar under the building. The bunkhouse is also a single-story structure, measuring 43 x. It has an enclosed porch on its southern facade, and is divide internally into to large chambers. These facilities were built in 1910 by the Copper River and Northwestern Railway to house its work crews, a service they performed until the railroad shut down in 1938. They are the only surviving elements of what was once a larger CR&NW presence in the community. The buildings are now hosting the Chitina House bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>The buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Lovejoy Bridge is a historic covered bridge in South Andover, Maine. It is a Paddleford truss bridge, which carries Covered Bridge Road over the Ellis River, about 9 mi north of US Route 2. Built in 1868, it is one of a small number of 19th-century covered bridges remaining in the state, and it is the state&#39;s shortest covered bridge. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Ellis River cuts a meandering course through the town of Andover, joining the Androscoggin River at Rumford Point. There has probably been a bridge at this site in southern Andover since the early 19th century, as the river course narrows sufficiently, and provides a crossing point for people traveling between Rumford Point and the main village of Andover, which is located further north. This bridge was built in 1868, but it is known that a small village already existed nearby, suggesting the existence of a previous bridge.</p><br>
<p>The bridge is 70 ft long and 20 ft wide, with a roadway width of 17 ft and an internal clearance of 14 ft. It rests on abutments built out of large granite blocks. The bridge has a gabled roof, giving it a total height of 22 ft. Its sides are sheathed in vertical boards, and the gable ends have been trimmed.</p><br>
<p>The Castle of Alarcón forms part of the fortifications built around the town of Alarcón in Cuenca, Spain. The fortress is composed of a walled enclosure, which houses the heart of the population and the castle proper, and of five exterior towers, separate and strategically placed.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Of Arab origin, the fortress was first under the jurisdiction of the Emirate of Córdoba. Following the collapse of the emirate’s successor state, the Caliphate of Córdoba, and the formation of the taifa kingdoms, the town submitted to the Taifa of Toledo. During its time under Muslim power, the castle served as a defensive stronghold in the midst of internal conflicts. In 1184, Fernán Martínez de Ceballos, military captain under Alfonso VIII of Castile, besieged the fortress for nine months before finally capturing it in the name of his king. He was rewarded with the privilege of taking the name of the town as his surname, which he did, calling himself Martínez de Alarcón and thus establishing a new lineage.</p><br>
<p>From then on, the Castle of Alarcón received much attention from the successive kings of Castile, who expanded and reinforced it while providing it with its own charter (fuero) and granting it lordship over extensive neighboring territories. Spanish historian Andrés Marcos Burriel writes that its domain comprised 63 villages, including Albacete, La Roda, Villarrobledo, Castillo de Garcimuñoz, Belmonte and many others. All of this was placed under the protection of the Military Order of Santiago by Alfonso VIII. In 1212, the town council of Alarcón sent troops to support the king’s army in the decisive Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.</p><br>
<p>At the start of the 14th century, Ferdinand IV of Castile gave lordship of Alarcón and its castle to Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena. Only a provisional measure in 1297, the appointment was confirmed on March 23, 1305. It was at Alarcón that the prince wrote some of his literary works. After his death, the lordship passed to his son and then to his granddaughter Blanca. It was later recovered by King Peter of Castile and returned to the royal heritage. Henry II of Castile then gave it to Alfonso I of Aragon, whom he named Marquis of Villena in 1372, but Henry III took it back for the Crown in 1395. Finally, in the 15th century, Alarcón was given to Juan Pacheco, Marquis of Villena, on May 23, 1446. Juan and his son sided with Joanna of Castile, a claimant to the throne, against Queen Isabella and her husband King Ferdinand. During this dispute, the marquises managed to hold the castles of Belmonte, Garcimuñoz, and Alarcón as well as the marquisate of Villena.</p><br>
<p>Following the Middle Ages, the Castle of Alarcón was abandoned and suffered deterioration. In 1712 it belonged to the Marquis of Aguilar, who received a report from master builders insisting on urgent repairs to prevent collapse.</p><br>
<p>In 1720, the castle was governed by Alejandro de Alarcón and Duchess Julia de Alarcón, who harbored many refugees during times of conflict in the country, turning them into heroes of the region.</p><br>
<p>José María Fernández de Velasco, 15th Duke of Frías, sold the castle and “four or five little towers more” to Rafael Lázaro Álvarez de Torrijos for 20,000 reales on June 5, 1863.</p><br>
<p>In 1963, the Minister for Information and Tourism, Manuel Fraga Iribarne, expropriated it from the family of Álvarez Torrijos Torres, native of La Almarcha but with paternal ancestors from Gascas. The castle was then revitalized as a parador hotel and opened to the public on March 25, 1966.</p><br>
<h2>Legends</h2><br>
<p>The legend of the Castle of Alarcón tells the story of how the stone blocks in the encircling wall were stained with blood, represented today by curious black and reddish spots on the mortar.</p><br>
<p>Long ago, there lived in the castle the lord of all the region. He had a very beautiful sister of marriegeable age and desired by many suitors. Among these was the son of a lord from neighboring lands. This young man was notorious for his evil ways, and thus, when he came to ask for the maiden’s hand in marriage, he was thrown out straightaway.</p><br>
<p>Some time later, the lord of the castle learned that the rejected suitor, deeply resentful, had made plans to murder him and kidnap his sister. And so, when one day a stranger arrived asking to meet with the lord in private, he suspected that the man had been sent as an assassin and took great care in preparing the meeting.</p><br>
<p>In the end, his suspicions were confirmed, and at the very moment when the stranger was about to leap upon him, his servants restrained and killed the assassin. Then, as some construction was being done in the castle, they mixed the corpse in with the mortar that had been prepared for the work.</p><br>
<p>Aberbechan Hall was a timber framed mansion in the township of Aberbechan within the parish of Llanllwchaearn in the historic county of Montgomeryshire. The township of Aberbechan was transferred to Bettws Cedewain and more recently moved, with the township of Dolforwyn, into the community of Abermule with Llandyssil. The Hall was originally built by the Blayney family, passing to the Price and Lloyd families, before becoming the property of Sir Gervais Clifton. In 1810 it was sold to David Pugh of Llanerchydol near Welshpool. The Hall was demolished in 1870 and replaced by the present Hall.</p><br>
<h2>Visit of Thomas Pennant</h2><br>
<p>In 1786, Thomas Pennant, who was staying with Arthur Blayney at Gregynog and they passed Aberbechan when visiting Dolforwyn Castle.</p><br>
<p>Pennant in 1796 commissioned John Ingleby to produce two watercolours of Aberbechan Hall, which presumably he intended to use an illustration in a future edition of the Tour in Wales. These watercolours, which are now in the collections of the National Library of Wales, would appear to be the only surviving depictions of the Hall, which must have been an impressive timber-framed building. The Hall, as shown in Ingleby’s watercolours is likely to have been built in the earlier years of the 17th century or perhaps slightly earlier.</p><br>
<p>The Hall must have been one of the grandest in the county, and appears to bear much in common with the Herberts’ house at Lymore on the outskirts of Montgomery. Both houses were built in a combination of brick and timber-framing and both have series of triangular roof gables with windows set in them. More striking is the way in which Aberbechan Hall is jettied out on each floor. The brick chimneys are square sectioned, in contrast to the star sectioned chimney stacks seen on earlier timber-framed houses of the area.</p><br>
<h2>History of the Hall</h2><br>
<p>This was a house that had been built by the senior branch of the Blayney family, but Rhys ap Morris (Blayney) became High Sheriff of Montgomeryshire in 1565, the family name changed to Price (ap Rhys). The house descended to Sir John Price, who swapped sides in the Civil War and became the Parliamentary Commander of Montgomery Castle. The Hall then passed to his son Sir Richard Price. The house passed to the Lloyd family, but in 1766, the heiress Frances Lloyd married Sir Gervais Clifton. This was probably a case of an Englishmen prowling for Welsh heiresses. Sir Gervais Clifton 6th.Baronet was a leading Nottinghamshire landowner and is likely to have been an absentee landlord. The house and its estates were later sold in 1810 to David Pugh, a fabulously wealthy London Tea dealer, who was to build the castellated, gothic revival house at Llanerchydol Hall, on the outskirts of Welshpool.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Humphreys M The Crisis of Community: Montgomeryshire 1680-1815, University of Wales Press, Cardiff, 1996,pg 103</p><br>
<p>Floras Lake is a natural 236 acre body of water on the southern Oregon Coast of the United States. Fed by four small tributaries from a basin of about 10 square miles in Curry County, it lies about 10 mi north of Port Orford and 2 mi west of USA Route 101.</p><br>
<p>The lake, with a mean elevation of about 10 ft above sea level, empties north into Floras Creek, where the combined streams form the New River.</p><br>
<p>Relatively remote, the lake and the 1,371 acre Floras Lake State Natural Area, can be reached on foot from the south along a 1.5 mi trail that begins at Cape Blanco Airport. More common is to approach by car on Floras Lake Road off USA Route 101. This leads to Boice–Cope County Park, at the northeastern corner of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The area near the lake, between Bandon to the north and Cape Blanco to the south, includes many state, federal, and county parks, recreation areas, and wildlife sanctuaries. Among those are the New River Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC), overseen by the Bureau of Land Management north of the lake and west of the county park. The county park, which has campsites and day-use facilities, offers access to the New River ACEC as well as the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Sailboarding, especially for beginners because of the lake environment and wind conditions, is popular at Floras Lake.</p><br>
<p>Boice–Cope County Park provides a boat ramp for sport fishing at the lake, which is stocked with rainbow trout and supports a small population of largemouth bass. It is also part of the migratory route for Chinook salmon and other seagoing fish on their way to and from the lake&#39;s feeder streams.</p><br>
<p>The Floras Lake Trail, one of the four trails in the New River ACEC, connects the county park to the Floras Lake State Natural Area. About 1.2 mi long, it passes between the lake and the foredune on the west. The beach west of the foredune is part of a 22 mi stretch of sand between Bandon and Cape Blanco named part of the Oregon Coast Trail by the Oregon Department of Parks and Recreation.</p><br>
<p>Canoers and kayakers can launch at Floras Lake and float down the outlet and down New River to a takeout at the ACEC&#39;s Storm Ranch, a trip of about 8 mi, or an ACEC takeout at Lower Fourmile Road, a mile further downstream.</p><br>
<p>The Berger-Graham House is a historic house at 1327 South Main Street in Jonesboro, Arkansas. Situated on one of the highest points in the city, this is an imposing brick structure with Classical Revival and Richardsonian Romanesque characteristics. Its brick walls are eighteen inches think, supporting a hip roof with cross gables and dormers. The main entrance is recessed under a large round arch that is the focal point of the front elevation. The house was built in 1904 by Marcus Berger, a wealthy businessman, as a wedding present for his son Joseph. In 1909 it was purchased by W. H. Graham, a wholesale cotton broker. After financial reverses in the Great Depression, Graham converted the property into a boarding house.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Vlachogianni  is a village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Potamia, of which it was a municipal district and the seat. The 2011 census recorded 895 inhabitants in the village.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Vlachogianni was first mentioned in 1513 in an Ottoman beys will. In the end of the 16th century the main occupation of the peoples residents was the cultivation of Cannabis sativa. In the beginning of the 19th century the village became a chiflik of Ali Pasha.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>The population of Vlachogianni is occupied in animal husbandry and agriculture (mainly tobacco).</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>According to the 2011 census, the population of the settlement of Vlachogianni was 895 people, a figure almost stable compared with the population of the previous census of 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Community Center No. 1 is a historic government building at 1212 South Church Street in Jonesboro, Arkansas. It is a single-story building, faced in buff brick, with a stylish Art Deco entrance area consisting of towers and projections made of smooth white concrete. The entrance is flanked by large flat-roof sections which house recreational facilities, while the center section has a low-pitch gable roof. The community center was designed by Elmer A. Stuck, and built in 1936 with funding from the Public Works Administration. The center has undergone several name changes, and is now known as the Earl Bell Community Center, after the Olympic pole vaulter and Jonesboro native.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Ko Phithak or Phithak Island  is a small island in Thailand, in Chumphon Province on the eastern shore of the Gulf of Thailand. The island has an area of about 1.1392 km  and there are about 42 households. Most of the local people are Buddhists who earn money by exporting seafood. Other sources of income include growing coconut trees, which explains why the island has many coconut trees. The residents make coconut juice to sell to tourists and to export.</p><br>
<p>Phitak Island is close to the coast and the all flat areas are coconut plantations, so there is no room to build a school or a temples. Tourists can walk everywhere because footpaths are laid out along around the island. The Ko Phitak community is known as an excellent environmental conservation community, which is particularly known for its giant clam conservation center.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the past, neighboring people called this island "Phi Tak" (ผีทัก), which means "ghost greeting". There is a story about a fisherman who sailed a boat to catch fish near the island. He said that he saw a human shadow waving a hand and yelling out something to him, so he sailed the boat to the island, but there was nothing. After that, the island had been named Phi Tak, as people thought that the shadow was a ghost. Then, some people from the coast, who were not afraid of the ghost story, emigrated to the island. Finally, the name of the island was changed to "Phi Tak" (พิทักษ์) which means "protect" because the people who lived there wanted to change the name to be more auspicious.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Each year, Ko Phithak welcomes more than 100,000 visitors.</p><br>
<p>The local people live in wooden houses built along the coast with high spaces underneath to allow the flow of the tides. The villagers take care of each other, and the tradition of "song keang" (ส่งแกง) (sharing homemade dish with others) still exists in the island. The west side to the south side of the island has most houses because the mountain in the east blocks the prevailing wind. The best beach is on the east side, called "peace of eastern" beach, 400 m long with clear water. The north of the island has a lot of viewpoints, 200 meters in height, and small rest pavilions. The annual marathon walking activity during ebb tide season is well known in Chumphon Province. This activity is carried out by people in Lang Suan and some non-local people by walking from Pak Nam (lit., estuary) to the island in order to promote unity of community and health.</p><br>
<p>There are several good diving sites nearby. Among them are Ko Ngam Yai, Ko Ngam Noi and Ko Rang Ka Chiu, part of Mu Ko Chumphon National Park, which covers 317 square km and has a sea area of 165,969 rai.</p><br>
<p>Turawskie Lake is a retention reservoir in the flow of the river Mała Panew with an area of 24 km², with a 13 metres high dam, with a maximum depth of 13 metres and a maximum full capacity of 108 mln m³.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir was built between the years 1933 to 1939 with the name Turawa Stausee, to regulate the height of the water in the river Oder and for recreational purposes. Due to this the settlements of Zamoście (German Hinterbrueck), Krzyślina (German Krysline), the hamlet of Łuk, Pustków and Szczedrzyk were destroyed and new villages were built around the reservoir to serve for tourist purposes; the hamlet Szczedrzyk had been rebuilt around the South of the reservoir with the road Opolska connecting and circulating around the reservoir. Several families were relocated and given compensation or have been offered houses in the nearby Ligota Turawska.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the river Mała Panew a smaller river Libawa leaves the reservoir. At the outflow from the reservoir there is a hydroelectric plant with the power of 1.2 MW. Northern and southern parts of the reservoir have beaches which are surrounded by pine forests with many holiday resorts. The reservoir is also popular with water sports.</p><br>
<p>Near the reservoir are other lakes. Lake Średnie and Małe (both are to the South of reservoir) which are the result of gravel extraction sites used in the construction of the dam at the reservoir. Srebrne Lake (other names include Osowiec, Zielone or Szmaragdowe) is located in the forest near the village of Osowiec Śląski and Turawa and is around 2 km from the reservoir. The lake covers an area of 12 hectares, and the depth is up to 17 metres. The lake was created on the site of a big flooded pit.</p><br>
<p>The Curry Lookout, also known as Camp Regalvista, is an historic backcountry shelter in Denali State Park, Alaska. It is located on top of Curry Ridge, overlooking the Susitna River and the hamlet of Curry, a former depot on the Alaska Railroad. The only access to the shelter is via a 3 mi hiking trail beginning at mile 137.2 of the Parks Highway. The shelter is a hexagonal wood frame structure with a tent-shaped roof, and no foundation. Each side is about 6.5 ft wide and 8 ft high. A flagpole rises from the center of the shelter, and is secured to the structure via steel cables. The shelter was built by the railroad in 1923, the same year the Curry Hotel  was built. It was intended as an excursion point for visitors, providing views of the surrounding area, including Denali.</p><br>
<p>The shelter was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Grey Nuns Motherhouse, now known as the Grey Nuns Building, is a former motherhouse of the Grey Nuns located at 1190 Guy Street, in the Borough of Ville-Marie, Montréal, Quebec, Canada. It is also named Grey Nuns Hospital of Montréal . The building was completed in 1871.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, it was bought by Concordia University and refurbished. It now serves as co-ed housing for 598 undergraduate students on the Sir George Williams Campus within the neighbourhood redevelopment project Quartier Concordia.</p><br>
<p>A crypt containing the graves of 276 nuns and other individuals is located in the basement. Once buried in the crypt was Mother Marie-Marguerite d&#39;Youville, the first native-born Canadian to be declared a saint. In 2010 her remains were removed and relocated to her 1701 birthplace of Varennes, a community on the South Shore.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, it was designated one of the National Historic Sites of Canada.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The site is rectangular, bordered by Rene Levesque Boulevard at the south, Guy Street at the east, St. Catherine Street at the north, and Saint Mathieu at the west. It is enclosed with stone walls and metal fencing. Within this area are a main, large, H-shaped building of stone construction, various smaller buildings, and grounds containing numerous trees, gardens, statues, and pathways.</p><br>
<p>The architectural style is a superb example of convent architecture of the 19th century. This is achieved by combining Neoclassical and Romanesque Revival styles.</p><br>
<p>The main building has an H-shape, is large, and of stone construction. It is 4 stories tall, with the exception of the west wing, which is 5 stories tall. Its central part is rectangular and contains a chapel with an octagonal tower and spire. The windows and dormers are regularly placed.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Individuals involved in the design and construction include:</p><br>
<p>Alcibiade Leporhon, architect</p><br>
<p>Joseph Venne, architect</p><br>
<p>Victor Bourgeau, architect</p><br>
<p>Maurice Perrault and Albert Ménard, architect</p><br>
<p>Alphonse Piché, architect</p><br>
<p>Maurice Payette, architect</p><br>
<p>Albert Deschamps, engineer</p><br>
<h2>As a Concordia student residence</h2><br>
<p>Now called the Grey Nuns Building by Concordia University, the site has become a student residence. In 2007, it was bought by Concordia for $18 million and refurbished for $15 million. The university initially announced that it would become the faculty of fine arts, but later decided to turn the site into residences. It serves as co-ed housing for 598 undergraduate students on the Sir George Williams Campus within the neighbourhood redevelopment project Quartier Concordia. The entire site is owned by Concordia except for a basement crypt.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance that was once on St-Mathieu Street is now located on Guy Street. The renovations undertaken have made space available for 355 new beds for resident students. There is a total of nearly 600 residence beds. The chapel has become a reading room that can accommodate 230 students. There are 14 group study rooms, a daycare facility, and a cafeteria area allowing resident students the choice of preparing meals.</p><br>
<h2>Crypt</h2><br>
<p>A crypt is located in the basement, held in trust for the sisters who can come and enter it. There are 276 people buried there, 232 of whom are Grey Nuns who had lived at the motherhouse. The crypt it is off limits to students and others, but can be viewed through a window in a locked door.</p><br>
<p>Originally, there were plans to transfer all of the buried remains to Île St. Bernard, a site owned by the Grey Nuns and the location of Manoir d’Youville. However, the health department of Quebec would not permit the tombs to be opened and the bodies exhumed. This was because some of the sisters buried there had died of infectious diseases.</p><br>
<p>Among the buried are the nieces and a son of Mother Marie-Marguerite dYouville. In 2010, the remains of dYouville were removed and brought back to her birthplace of Varennes for burial.</p><br>
<p>The Menard House, also known as The Oaks, is a historic detached-home located at 1605 Thirty-Third Street in Galveston, Texas. Built in 1838, it is the oldest surviving structure in Galveston as recently as 2014 and is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Menard House is named for its first owner, Michel B. Menard, a Canadian-born trader, real estate investor, and a founder of Galveston. Menard built on outlot block 37, indicating a location outside of Galveston city limits. The Menard House was fabricated, then shipped from Maine in parts. The combination of a dearth of carpenters in 1830s Texas and excess cargo space in Texas-bound ships made prefabricated buildings economically viable. Menard probably started building the house in 1837 for his second wife, Catherine Maxwell. She died in the summer of 1838, the same year construction was completed. Houston co-founder and Galveston City Company investor John Kirby Allen purchased the property in 1838, but died that July.</p><br>
<p>By 1843, a cousin had deeded the property to Menards third wife, Mary Jane (Clemens) Riddle Menard. She lived in the house until her death in December 1843. Michel Menard married Rebecca Mary Bass and adopted her two children. In 1850, she bore him his only child, Doswell Menard. Around this time, Menard added two wings to the house, which later became the venue for Galvestons first Mardi Gras ball in 1853.</p><br>
<p>Four years after Michel Menard died in 1856, Rebecca Menard married Colonel J.S. Thrasher, former United States Consul at Havana, Cuba.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>The Galveston Historical Foundation and the National Trust for Historic Preservation bought the Menard House in June 1992. In 1994, Pat and Fred Burns of Houston acquired the deteriorating building, then completed its restoration in 1995. The Menard House opened for the 1995 Historic Homes Tour, hosting 6,500 visitors for the event.</p><br>
<p>The Menard House suffered no serious damage during Hurricane Ike.</p><br>
<p>Riera de Carme   is between the towns of Santa Heraklion, Orpí, Carme and La Pobla de Claramunt the Anoia region, in the Valley of Carmen, between the mountains of Orpinell  and Collbàs . Carme Riera is the main tributary of the river Anoia , along with other smaller as stream or Montbui Castellolí.</p><br>
<p>One of the aspects that promote and prevent the existence of our stream is that Carme municipality that provides the name for the stream due to its geographical proximity, is located just above a huge aquifer Carme - Capellades resulting in the continuous presence of water on the ground, either visible or below ground. It is estimated that runs through about a third of the surface of the entire region of Anoia. This geological stores and groundwater flows taking advantage of permeability, porosity and cracking the rock that hosts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Historically, Carme Rivers was not always known by the same name. In fact, it is estimated that began to receive this designation from the late nineteenth century. Previously, and as demonstrated in various notarial documents of the time, Carme rivers have been designated with the name Riera (River) Noya or Noia. Consequently, the current Anoia River was known Riera Igualada, honoring the great capital of the region anoienca. The data show that, at least until 1825 the affluent still receive name Noya or Noia.</p><br>
<h2>Nature, flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Focusing now on its own stream and its own route, observe the diversity of flora and fauna that includes. On one hand, the accompanying flora throughout the journey to the stream is deciduous, usually one that is in the vegetation. On the other hand if we separate meters directly from the river, begin to see what is really most of the flora in the region of Anoia. Proliferate widely evergreen trees, mainly pine, although originally believed that the whole area was populated by oaks that currently there are much less present. Shrubs, bushes and pine are the most common that are in the land of limestone anoienca. As for wildlife, should highlight one aspect over the other. During the course of the stream there are different animals, all very common in the forests of central Catalonia. Among these, we highlight common reptiles like the snake or turtle, mammals such as wild boar, rabbit, hare or badger common. Furthermore and in addition to all that we can categorize this group of common forest interior Catalonia, are in the stream of a number of individuals Carme unique and special. The fact is that in this area of scrub and wetlands strange phenomenon occurs. For the last few decades has been observed in the vicinity of Carme Riera there are different types of birds, many of them almost unique in our country, and especially very rare in Catalonia. In fact, just one year ago, a team of specialists and animal rights carried out a field study in the field in order to locate and highlight what were actually groups of birds there are. The result of this study showed that in the Valley of Carme and along its wetland areas are home to over fifty species and up to 85 different bird species. Among the most common, as the swallow, robins, blue duck head or cute, but also include some other more spontaneous and less common, such as the executioner, the shrike, black crows or Serin.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking routes</h2><br>
<p>One aspect that we can highlight the route of Carme Riera is a few kilometers from the village of Carme specifically at the level of the municipality of Santa Càndia. In this place the stream follows a special tour, immersed amidst the rock carved by the same force of the water and its sediments. The fact is that this stretch of about 2 km you can practice descents and hiking. Specifically, the ravines and gorges Santa Heraklion is estimated that trace a route that requires a reduction of two hours. The difficulty is low, which leads many hiking schools use this space to instruct beginners.</p><br>
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<p>Domeniko  is a village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Potamia, of which it was a municipal district.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ancient city of Chyretie can still be traced on the hill where a church dedicated to Saint George now stands. It was a very important one and 2 representatives voted in the Delphic Amphictyony. In the Roman times the name of the city was changed to "Domeniko". Archaeological finds from the site are presented in the Diachronic Museum of Larissa.</p><br>
<p>Domeniko was mentioned in the 11th century by Anna Komnene. Domeniko was the seat of an Orthodox bishop during the Byzantine period. During the Axis occupation of Greece almost 150 residents of the village were executed by the Italian army.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>The population of Domeniko is occupied in animal husbandry and agriculture (mainly tobacco, grain and almonds).</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>According to the 2011 census, the population of the settlement of Domeniko was 627 people, an increase of almost 7% compared with the population of the previous census of 2001.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Catholic Church is a historic church located near Mountain Island, Gaston County, North Carolina. It was the fourth Catholic church built in North Carolina, the first west of Raleigh, and the first in what is today the Diocese of Charlotte. Built to serve the Irish miners in the area, it underwent a long period of neglect until restoration efforts began in the mid-20th century. Today it is operated as a mission church of Queen of the Apostles Church in Belmont.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Chevalier Riva de Finola established gold mines in the region starting in the 1830s, and many Irish immigrants came to the area to work in the mines. At first, they worshipped at de Finolas home, but he left in 1835 after a court ordered his mines closed. John England, Bishop of Charleston, assigned missionary Fr. T.J. Cronin to serve the miners in 1838, and he quickly began fundraising to build a church near what would become Mount Holly. Lonergan did not live to see the church completed, and was buried in 1842 on the site, the first burial in what would become St. Josephs Cemetery; Cronin died of yellow fever the same year, and his body was moved to St. Joseph&#39;s in 1843.</p><br>
<p>The simple wooden church, dedicated to Saints Mary and Joseph, was completed in 1843 and dedicated by a Fr. J.J. OConnell, another missionary. Early records of church activities were lost in 1861 when the archives of the Diocese of Charleston were lost in the Great Fire of Charleston. OConnell returned to serve as parish priest 1870–77, and in 1871, he purchased 500 acres of land from the Caldwell family. This land was eventually accepted by the Benedictines at Saint Vincent Archabbey in Pennsylvania, who arrived in 1876 and established what is today Belmont Abbey.</p><br>
<p>After OConnells departure, however, regular services ceased. The construction of St. Peter&#39;s in Charlotte and losses and disruption from the American Civil War contributed to declining parish rolls. Eventually, the entire congregation shifted to the Abbey, and the church underwent a long period of neglect.</p><br>
<p>The church underwent a long period of neglect. It was restored in 1974 thanks to a fundraising effort led by Francis Galligan of Gastonia. It was rededicated the following year by Bishop Michael Joseph Begley, and in 1979 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. A small group of volunteers led by Carl Heil has looked after the property since 1993.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, a statue of Saint Joseph that had stood outside St. Joseph&#39;s Hospital in Asheville was moved to the site.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Completed in 1844, the structure a vernacular temple-form, Greek Revival style frame church clad in white clapboard. It has a gable roof and its front facade features a tetrastyle portico.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the church has a simple center aisle plan, finished with wood molding. As of 2005, about 70 percent of the window glass was original, and the flooring of the church is original planking as well.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Belmont Historic District is a national historic district located at Belmont, Gaston County, North Carolina. It encompasses 264 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 2 contributing structures in the central business district and adjacent residential areas of Belmont. The district was developed after 1873, and includes notable examples of Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman architecture. Located in the district is the separately listed USA Post Office, Former. Other notable buildings include the R.L. Stowe Mills Office Building, Bank of Belmont , Piedmont and Northern Railroad Depot , Belmont Hotel , Abel C. Lineberger House No. 2  designed by Charles Christian Hook , Samuel Pinckney Stowe House , James W. Stowe House , Sacred Heart College, and Belmont High School .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Downtown Gastonia Historic District is a national historic district located at Gastonia, Gaston County, North Carolina. It encompasses 77 contributing buildings and 1 contributing object in the central business district of Gastonia. The commercial, civic, institutional, and multi-unit residential buildings were built between the 1890s and 1954, and include notable examples of Colonial Revival and Classical Revival architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed former Gaston County Courthouse, First National Bank Building, Third National Bank Building, and Robinson-Gardner Building. Other notable buildings include the USA Post Office , York Medical Building , Kress Department Store, Leibowitz Department Store , Ideal Moving Picture Theater , City Hall, Kirby Building , First Baptist Church , Gaston County War Memorial Hall , and the  Gaston County Public Library .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Yervandashat , was an Armenian city and one of the 13 historic capitals of Armenia, serving as a capital city between 210 and 176 BC during the Orontid rule over Armenia and the beginning of their successors; the Artaxiad dynasty.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Yervandashat was built around 210 BC by the last Orontid king Orontes IV of Armenia. It was at a height on the right bank of Aras River, in the Arsharunik canton of Ayrarat province of Armenia Major. Its site is 1 km east of the modern Armenian village of Yervandashat, in the current Turkish Province of Iğdır.</p><br>
<p>According to Movses Khorenatsi, Orontes founded Yervandashat to replace Armavir as his capital after Armavir had been left dry by a shift of the Arax River.</p><br>
<p>Ancient Yervandashat was destroyed by the army of the Persian King Shapur II in the 360s AD.</p><br>
<p>The archaeological site has not been subject of major research, but preliminarily, the fortifications and some remains of palaces have been uncovered.</p><br>
<p>The Porter-Parsonsfield Bridge is a covered bridge in western Maine, and one of the few 19th-century covered bridges left in the state. The bridge spans the Ossipee River just east of the modern alignment of North Road , which it formerly carried, between the towns of Porter and Parsonsfield. Built in 1876 by the towns, it is a Paddleford truss bridge which has been strengthened with laminated arches. The bridge was closed to traffic in 1960, and is now maintained by the state. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The bridge has two spans, resting on granite block abutments and a central pier. The total length of the bridge is 152 ft, and it is 26 ft from the flooring to the peak of the gable roof. The total width is 22 ft; the portals have an internal width of 18 ft and height of 15 ft. The bridge trusses are from a design by Peter Paddleford, a modification of the more common Long truss. The laminated arches, a 20th-century addition, consist of 21 layers of planking bolted together, to which the King posts of the truss have also been fastened. The sides of the bridge are sheathed in vertical boarding to two-thirds of the height. The roof is made of cedar shingles.</p><br>
<p>The first bridge to join the small towns of Porter and Parsonsfield at this site was completed in 1800. The site is one where the Ossipee River flows slowly, but accelerates just downstream, as it heads toward Kezar Falls. A second bridge was built in 1808, and a third in 1858. Construction of the third bridge inaugurated a dispute between the towns over how much of the bridge each town should pay for. Eventually an agreement was reached, but the bad blood between the towns meant that, when this bridge was built in 1876, they could not agree on roofing materials, and the two portions of the bridge were differently shingled. The bridge was closed to vehicular traffic in 1960, when the present alignment of North Road was built, and the state took over the bridge&#39;s maintenance in 1967. Around that time, the present roof was built, and the bridge underwent a major restoration.</p><br>
<p>Gaston Grange is a large country manor situated in the hamlet of Holt End in the large parish of Bentworth, Hampshire. It is about 1.1 mi southwest of the centre of Bentworth and about 4.1 mi west of Alton, its nearest town. The manor lies west of the Bentworth-Medstead road towards Upper Wield, south of Gaston Wood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The manor estate area was formerly part of the Bentworth Hall estate until the 1950s. In the late 19th century, Emma Gordon-Ives owned Bentworth Hall and in 1890 her son Colonel Gordon Maynard Gordon-Ives built Gaston Grange east of the current Bentworth Hall. In 1914, his son Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Gordon lived in Gaston Grange. He served in the First World War and was also a politician dealing with Northern Ireland matters, dying in July 1923.</p><br>
<p>After his death, the Bentworth Hall Estate was offered for sale by Messrs John D Wood & Co. and at this time consisted of 479 acres. The house once had a grand ballroom which was removed in the 1920s. The white painted house has masonry walls, a timber pitched roof with what is likely Welsh blue grey slate, and a wooden staircase made by the Devon-based firm Dart & Francis. Gaston Grange has been extensively renovated in recent times.</p><br>
<p>The Carnegie Library at Livermore, California, opened in 1911 and continued in use as a library until 1966. It now hosts a historical museum and art gallery. The building was designed by William H. Weeks in the Greek Revival style and is included on the National Register of Historic Places. A weekly farmers&#39; market takes place in the surrounding park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Livermore Library was organized in 1875 by the Livermore Library and Dramatic Association. It initially had a collection of 250 books. Members of the public were asked to pay three dollars a year for a family membership (or twenty dollars for a lifetime membership) for the privilege of borrowing books. In 1878, the Livermore Public Library Association was organized to manage the operation. This association raised funds to build a library building, but closed in 1887, after public interest waned. The books were stored in the local newspaper office.</p><br>
<p>The Livermore Ladies League of Progress reopened the library in 1896, naming it the Livermore Free Library. They created a new "corporation of public benefit" and sold shares to purchase the former library building. In 1901, the city took over the free library and put it under municipal control and financial support. By then, the library&#39;s inventory had grown to 3,500 books.</p><br>
<p>Led by Mrs. Dell C. Savage, president of the library board, Livermore began its campaign to obtain a library grant from the Carnegie Foundation in 1908. A formal application was made and a grant of $10,000 was approved that year. The city agreed to match the grant by providing $1,000 per year for ten years, provide land for the building, and support the operation with tax money. A bond election was scheduled for December 17, 1909. The election passed easily, supported bySan Francisco Chronicle and the Livermore Valley Improvement Association. The city purchased a 1.83 acre site at Third Street and L street for $9,000. The plot was formerly the site of the Peter McKeany corral and slaughterhouse.</p><br>
<p>The new building opened in 1911 and continued to serve as the main public library until 1966, when the city built a new central library in the Civic Center on South Livermore Street. The original structure, which was built in the Classical Revival architectural style, still stands and now houses the Livermore Heritage Guilds History Center and Museum. The building sits in the middle of a square block of parkland bounded by 3rd Street on the north, J street on the east, 4th Street on the south, and K street on the west. The park is the site of a weekly farmers market that draws many visitors who buy locally grown produce and listen to music performed by local artists. The building and park are managed by the Livermore Area Parks and Recreation District (LARPD).</p><br>
<h2>Building description</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by William H. Weeks and approved by Carnegie prior to the award of the grant. Weeks designed more than 20 Carnegie Libraries in California. He also designed the decorative fountain at the foot of the library entrance steps. Hoyt Brothers were paid $10,640 to construct the building. Several Livermore residents and local farmers furnished volunteer labor to assist the construction effort.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The architectural style is Greek Revival, Temple style. It is one story high with a full basement, and almost square, with dimensions of 45 by. The walls were built of locally-made buff brick, sheathed with terra cotta and plaster. There are light colored quoins at the corners, projections and foundation that provide contrast with the yellow walls. A low parapet around the roof line is decorated with large dentils.The center of the roof is raised and shows ornamental lions on one side of the building.</p><br>
<p>A central portico, decorated with a pediment that is supported by two pairs of Greek Ionic columns, frames the main entrance (on the Third Street side). The entrance is wooden double doors with glass panels. A rounded clear glass arch sits above the doors.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The main floor was divided into four areas. The largest was called the Reference Room, which contained shelves of books, chairs and tables, and covered the east side of the building. The west side had two corner rooms used as offices and a large foyer. The library desk was directly across the foyer from the entrance. The basement had a large 26 by area designated as the Children&#39;s Reading Room, plus two small offices and a service area.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building has been maintained as it was built, except for modernization of plumbing, addition of emergency exit doors, installation of an exterior elevator and a concrete ramp.</p><br>
<h3>Park</h3><br>
<p>The Livermore Herald donated a sundial and several street lamps for installation in the park. Architect Weeks designed the decorative fountain that stands in front of the entrance. It is made of Colusa sandstone with a carved bowl 5.1667 feet in diameter, over which water flows into an octagonal basin that is 14 feet in diameter. It has remained in operation since it was installed in May 1911.</p><br>
<p>Park landscaping has undergone a number of changes since its creation. Two tiers of concrete steps connect the park elevation with the main building entrance. A World War II memorial plaque was installed at the southeast corner of the park in 1946. The 60 ft tall flagpole that was formerly at the intersection of Livermore Avenue and First Street was relocated to Carnegie Park and erected beside the plaque. The east and west ends of the park contain picnic tables that were installed late in the 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>Current status of Carnegie building</h2><br>
<p>The Livermore Historical Guild and the Livermore Arts Association have shared use of the former library building since 1974. The building and its surrounding park were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011, with reference number 11000876.</p><br>
<p>The Palatlakaha River is a river in Lake County, Florida. It forms the principal headwater of the Ocklawaha River, a tributary of St. Johns River. The source of the Palatlakaha River is at Lake Louisa, itself fed from the Green Swamp by two streams known as Big Creek and Little Creek.</p><br>
<p>From Lake Louisa the river flows north though a chain of lakes known as the Clermont Chain of lakes. In order the lakes are Lake Susan, Lake Minnehaha, Lake Palatlakaha, Lake Hiawatha, Lake Minneola, Cherry Lake, Lake Lucy and Lake Emma. From Lake Emma the river flows through a swampy area to enter Lake Harris.</p><br>
<p>The river is 44 miles long. The upper section of the river forms the 26 mile long Palatlakaha Run, a waterways trail for canoeists and kayakers organized by Lake County. There are 6 water level control dams on the river that are closed to keep water levels higher during drier periods.</p><br>
<p>Molino Canyon is a steep-sided, boulder-strewn canyon in the Santa Catalina Mountains northeast of Tucson, Arizona, next to the Molino Basin Campground. The canyon is located within the Coronado National Forest, and encompasses a wide variety of flora and fauna, ranging from lush pine forest in the canyon&#39;s upper reaches to Sonoran Desert cactus forest in the lower reaches. Catalina Highway was cut into the western side of the lower part of the canyon.</p><br>
<p>At the bottom of Molino Canyon is Molino Creek, a seasonal stream that flows southwest over large granite outcroppings, forming a series of small waterfalls and pools. Stream-flow is greatest in the spring, as the winter snow melts, and during the monsoon season. The banks of the creek are lined with willow, cottonwood and Arizona sycamore trees. The Molino Canyon Vista is located along Catalina Highway in the transition zone between Sonoran Desert cactus forest and oak-studded grassland, one mile south of the Molino Basin Campground, and provides foot access to Molino Creek.</p><br>
<p>Molino Canyon Vista Sign Arizona 2014.JPGA sign at the Molino Canyon Vista</p><br>
<p>Molino Canyon From Vista Santa Catalina Mountains Arizona 2014.JPGView of Molino Canyon from the Molino Canyon Vista</p><br>
<p>Molino Creek Santa Catalina Mountains Arizona 2014.JPGA water pool and a small waterfall along Molino Creek</p><br>
<p>Meydankale is the archaeological site of a ruined castle in Mersin Province, Turkey.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Meydankale is situated between the İmamlı and Yenibahçe villages in the rural area of Silifke district. In the antiquity this region was called Cilicia Trachaea (Rugged Cilicia). Meydankale is to the north of Silifke and the Turkish state highway. It can be reached via a 15 km road from Atakent which is on D-400. The distance from Meydankale to Silifke is 28 km and to Mersin is 85 km.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The settlement dates back to Hellenistic era (Seleucid Empire). But it was rebuilt and inhabited during the later eras. Neither Hellenistic nor the Roman name of the settlement is known. Meydankale is a Turkish name.</p><br>
<h2>Ruins</h2><br>
<p>Meydankale is a fort situated on a hill which oversees the mid portion of the road from the Mediterranean Sea coast to the ancient city of Uzuncaburç, (ancient Diokaesareia). A deep canyon is to the north of the fort. There are ruins of observation towers, bastions, cisterns a necropolis in the fort. There is also a staircase to the river at the east of the fort. The main building material is polygonal stones typical of Seleucid masonry. Bossage had been used in later architecture.</p><br>
<p>York-Chester Historic District is a national historic district located at Gastonia, Gaston County, North Carolina. It encompasses 649 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 1 contributing structure in a predominantly residential section of Gastonia. The dwellings were built between about 1856 and 1955, and include notable examples of Queen Anne and Bungalow / American Craftsman architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed former Gastonia High School. Other notable contributing resources include the Beal-Ragan Garden, Oakwood Cemetery, Caroline Hanna House , Spurrier Apartment building , Edgewood Apartments , and Devant J. and June S. Purvis House .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Bagaran , was a city in Ancient Armenia founded during the reign of the Orontid Dynasty. It is one of the Historical capitals of ancient Armenia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Ancient and medieval</h3><br>
<p>According to the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi, Bagaran was founded during the 3rd century BC by king Orontes IV of Armenia. It quickly became the religious centre of Armenia, replacing Armavir as the main spiritual site of the Orontid pagan temples. After fall of Orontid Dynasty and the rise of Artaxiad dynasty, king Artaxias I moved all the pagan monuments from Bagaran and relocated them in his newly built capital of Artashat, founded in 176 BC.</p><br>
<p>During the second half of the sixth century, Bagaran along with the entire canton of Arsharunik became the property of the Kamsarakan princes. The Church of Saint Theodore built between 624 and 631, was one of the main landmarks of Bagaran. Inscriptions on the church of Saint Theodore of Bagaran were located at the exterior of the entire building, starting at the northern face of the western apse and running across the northern, eastern and southern faces.</p><br>
<p>The Bagratunis took over the city during the eighth century. In 895, after the establishment of the Kingdom of Armenia, Bagaran became the capital of an independent Armenia under king Ashot I. His successor king Smbat I moved the capital Bagaran to Shirakavan in 890. Under the Bagratid rule, Bagaran remained one of the prosperous centers of the Armenian kingdom. Many members of the Bagratuni rulers, including Ashot I, were buried in Bagaran.</p><br>
<p>However, in 1045, Bagaran along with the Armenian capital Ani was invaded by the Byzantines. In 1064, the city was attacked and heavily destroyed by the Seljuk Turks. During the 12th century, the Shah-Armens took over Bagaran. In 1211, Bagaran was briefly ruled by the Zakarid princes of Armenia before being invaded by the Mongols in 1236. In 1394, Bagaran was finally destroyed by Tamerlane.</p><br>
<h3>Modern</h3><br>
<p>At the beginning of the twentieth century, there was an Armenian-populated village near the site of ancient Bagaran with a population of slightly over 300. In 1920, as a result of the Turkish–Armenian War, the territories of the Republic of Armenia located west of Akhurian River were captured by Turkey. The small group of the Armenian survivors of Bagaran, crossed the river to the eastern bank and founded the modern village of Bagaran within the Armenian SSR, just 8 km south of the site of the ancient city. Nowadays, a small Kurdish-populated village called Kılıttaşı partially lies on the ruins of Bagaran, on the Turkish side of the closed border.</p><br>
<p>According to the Armenian historian Joseph Orbeli, the Church of Saint Theodore of Bagaran was one of the most prominent examples of early medieval Armenian architecture. It was largely intact until 1920. However, it was deliberately destroyed by the Turkish authorities.</p><br>
<p>The Hubbard Rice Dryer is a historic rice processing facility at 15015 Senteney Road , about 7 mi northeast of Weiner, Arkansas. It consists of ten concrete silos 50 ft in height, arranged in pairs retreating from the roadway, which passes to the south of the facility. In the interior spaces between these concrete silos are five metal silos, 40 ft in height. Large metal pipes protrude from the east and west side of the structure. Each silo is mounted on a concrete ring, most of which have doorways providing access into the facility&#39;s substructure, which facilitates movement between the silos. Built c. 1945, it is a well-preserved example of a period rice dryer. It was last used in 1979, and has stood vacant since then.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Atwood Campus Center is the student center of Alaska Pacific University in Anchorage, Alaska. It is a two-story square building 113 ft on each side, elevated on a podium extending ten or more feet to each side. It is flanked by two residence halls, which, although also 25 ft in height, have three stories. This complex was designed by Edward Durell Stone and built in 1966, when the school was known as Alaska Methodist University. This complex has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its significance as the site of a major 1971 conference of more than 600 Alaska Native representatives, at which they formally accepted the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, landmark legislation which fundamentally altered the handling of land ownership and use in the state, particularly with respect to native title, which had long clouded many real estate transfers.</p><br>
<p>The center is effectively managed by the student population, providing spaces for meeting and relaxation, as well as a kitchen and dining area, and offices for a variety of student services. The residence halls continue to be used as student housing: the south hall houses incoming freshmen, while the north hall houses upperclass students in suites.</p><br>
<p>The Lovell Meeting House is a historic meeting house at 1133 Main Street  in Lovell, Maine. Built in 1796, it served as Lovells town hall and as a religious meeting place until 1852, when the Lovell Village Church was built. From then it has served strictly civic functions, and is still the location of Lovells town meetings and voting. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The meeting house is a single story wood frame structure, with a gable roof, and resting on a modern concrete foundation capped in granite. It occupies part of a larger lot in the village of Center Lovell, which also includes the town&#39;s traditional parade ground. The building is 34 ft wide and 46 ft long. The main facade faces south (not toward the street, and is five bays wide. The center bay houses the entry, which is sheltered by a small gabled hood supported by simple wooden brackets, and is reached by three wooden steps. The entry is flanked by two sash windows on each side. The building has simple wood-block quoining at the corners. The street-facing (western) facade has a centered group of four narrow one-over-one sash windows, above which is a decorated wooden triangular panel. The gable peak is adorned with Stick style wooden truss elements, behind which flushboarding finishes the wall, which is otherwise clapboarded.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building is a single large open space, with a raised platform stage at the eastern end, with seating in the remainder of the space. The stage is accessed by stairs at either end, with railings that have turned balusters. A beam extends across the space aligned with the front of the stage, and the otherwise open attic area is partitioned, creating the effect of a proscenium arch. The town&#39;s voting equipment is normally placed on the stage, and there is a wood stove at the southeast corner, where the door to the town vault is also located. The roof is supported by a series of open modified King post trusses. The walls are finished in pine wainscoting up to the windows, with an early form of gypsum board above.</p><br>
<p>The town of Lovell was settled in 1788. When the town built the meeting house in 1796-98, it had two stories, providing a gallery space on the second level. It is believed that it had, on the eastern wall, a traditional colonial-era pulpit board and elevated pulpit, and the floor was filled with box pews, although much of this work was not completed until c. 1820. Complaints about the draftiness of the building prompted a decision in 1819 to lower the ceiling, and it was apparently lowered again in 1827. The building was used for both civic and religious purposes until 1852, when the church congregation moved to the newly built Lovell Village Church. Some of the religious elements of the interior remained behind, however, and were only removed during alterations in 1890. Around 1920 the town authorized further changes to facilitate the staging of theatrical productions.</p><br>
<p>The town&#39;s offices are located in a modern building elsewhere in Center Lovell. This building continues to be used for town meetings and as a polling place.</p><br>
<p>The James L. Hardaway House is a historic home in Thomson, Georgia. It was built in the Greek Revival style by George Washington Hardaway in 1842. who sold it to his youngest son James Lafayette Hardaway for $10 upon his twenty-first birthday. It was built to face the tracks of the Georgia Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The house is a classic sand hills raised cottage with a four-over-four floor plan. The ground floor is constructed of weathered granite. The second floor is southern modified braced beam construction. The ground floor ceilings are 8 feet tall while the second story is 12 feet tall. All ceilings are wood except the room with faux marble walls which has a plaster ceiling. The second floor has extensive moulding around all windows and doors. All architectural details except the rear addition are original. Of major interest are the pediments over the front façade windows and side lights on the second story.</p><br>
<p>The home has had only four owners since leaving the Hardaway family in 1896.</p><br>
<p>The home is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Dowling House is the oldest building in Galena, Illinois, United States, now a historic house museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Dowling arrived in Galena with his son Nicholas in 1826. The limestone house was built in 1826-27 in the single-pen style. The first floor was used as a trading post while the Dowlings lived upstairs. Dowling was an important early resident of Galena. He served on the 1834 fire committee and was elected to the 1838 town board of trustees. He also sold the county a plot of land for its first court house. Nicholas was elected alderman in 1841, serving until his election as mayor in 1843. Though he resigned after only a few months, he was again elected to the office in 1851, serving for two years.</p><br>
<p>The building sat abandoned for several decades, It was rehabilitated by William McCauley in the 1960s. In the 1970s, the building was opened to the public. Thirty minute tours of the building, furnished with period supplies and furnishings, are now offered from May to November. It was recognized as a contributing property to the Galena Historic District on October 18, 1969.</p><br>
<p>The Paul–Helen Building is a historic building in downtown Iowa City, Iowa. The Chicago school building was the first part of a renewal of downtown Iowa City starting in the 1910s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The construction of the Paul–Helen Building coincided with a period of growth for Iowa City. The Paul–Helen was the first new building in the central business district in over 20 years. It is thought that it was designed and built by Frank X. Freyder, the owner of the Iowa City Planing & Molding Mill; Freyder designed several other city buildings of the era. The building was owned by the Schmidt–Kurz Improvement Company. G. W. Schmidt owned the Iowa City Iron Works and was an alderman. William Kurz owned a saloon on College Street. When the Paul–Helen was complted, Kurz moved his establishment into one of the storefronts. The main tenant was the Iowa City Gas & Electric Company, who remained from its completion until the late 1970s. The building was named after the children of the Schmidt–Kurz Improvement Company partners. Construction began in April 1910 and finished that December. The building was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places on April 10, 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed in the Chicago school. Typical of the style, the three-story building features steel framing. There are also Prairie School elements in the building with banded windows emphasizing the horizontal aspects. The cornice is likewise banded. It is adjacent to the Englert Theatre, completed three years later. The first floor has three retail spaces and the upper floors have office spaces.</p><br>
